The antibiotic resistome: what's new?

Perry, Julie; Westman, Erin L.; Wright, Gerard D.

doi:10.1016/j.mib.2014.09.002

Cited by 158 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…The somatic O-antigens and capsular K-antigens act as a barrier to the host defence mechanisms and were described in the 1960s and 1980s, respectively (Boerlin and White, 2013;Perry et al, 2014). Variation in serum resistance mechanisms among APEC could be due to the presence of different types, as well as, combinations of capsules (Mainil, 2013).…”

Section: Serum Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antimicrobial agents are any natural, synthetic or semisynthetic elements that are capable of inhibiting the growth (bacteriostatic) or killing (bactericidal) microorganisms without causing any harm to the host cell (Giguère, 2006;Perry et al, 2014;Sello, 2012). Frequently, the two terms:…”

Section: Antimicrobial Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The accurate definition of an antibiotic is an agent that is produced by a microorganism and acts against other microorganisms (Perry et al, 2014). While antimicrobial agents are synthetic, as well as, semi-synthetic substances that are originated from different products and are also effective in the control of infections (Guardabassi, 2006).…”

Section: Antimicrobial Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…inhibit or kill a wide range of microorganisms) and narrow-spectrum (can only kill or inhibit a certain species or genus of bacteria) (Boerlin and White, 2013). Furthermore, antimicrobial agents can also be classified based on their mechanism of action into different groups such as: antimicrobials targeting bacterial cell wall synthesis (β-lactams); inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis (quinolones and fluoroquinolones) or function (sulphonamides and trimethoprim) and inhibiting protein synthesis (aminoglycosides, phenicols, macrolides, lincosamides and tetracyclines) (Boerlin and White, 2013;Mascaretti, 2003;Neu, 1992;Perry et al, 2014) …”

Section: Antimicrobial Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Studies on avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in commercial broiler chicken in South East Queensland

Awawdeh¹,

Turni²,

Henning³

et al.

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Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is the causative agent of avian colibacillosis, a localised or systemic infection resulting in clinical diseases such as colisepticemia, chronic respiratory disease and swollen-head syndrome. Globally, avian colibacillosis is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in poultry, and it has been associated with massive economic losses and welfare problems.This organism is of public health significance as APEC is communicable to humans. The diagnosis of avian colibacillosis relies on clinical signs, typical pathological lesions and culture of E. coli from affected tissue(s). Antimicrobial therapy is often used both for treatment and control. Previous overseas studies have characterised APEC and identified virulence genes (VGs) that can be used as molecular markers for the identification of APEC. Little is known about APEC in broiler chickens in Australia.The aim of this thesis was to gain a better understanding of the epidemiology of APEC in Australian broiler flocks and how factors including presence of VGs and phylogenetic group can improve the identification of this pathotype in Australia. Firstly, three faecal DNA extraction methods were evaluated. Faeces were collected from healthy chickens and chickens with colibacillosis from commercial broiler farms in South East Queensland (SEQ). The extracted DNA was screened by a pentaplex-PCR for five APEC-associated VGs (iroN, iutA, iss, hlyF and ompT). DNA extracted from E. coli isolates cultured from the cloaca and organs of the birds were screened using the same PCR.Repeated bead beating plus column elution was the preferred DNA extraction method, as it yielded good PCR quality and adequate quantity DNA. However, identifying APEC by direct detection of the five VGs from the faecal material was not feasible as all of these genes were also detected in all of the birds. However, the VGs were more commonly detected in E. coli isolates cultured from birds with colibacillosis.A cross-sectional study was performed to estimate APEC farm-level prevalence in healthy broiler chickens in SEQ and to identify potential risk factors associated with the carriage of APEC. At the farm-level, all of the 40 farms sampled were positive for APEC, that is at least one bird per farm carried APEC, while the within-farm prevalence was 63% (95% Confidence Interval: 55.8, 70.2).Higher APEC within-farm bird-level prevalence was significantly associated with the usage of well water as a source of drinking water, failure to disinfect the water line after each flock, farm visitors not showering before entering the shed, distances greater than 20 metres between the car park and the poultry shed and the presence of wild birds within 50 metres of the shed. Chlorinating the drinking water combined with automatic water filtration reduced within-farm bird-level APEC prevalence. Page | 3Therefore, based on the results concluded from the multivariable model, improving biosecurity and water treatments might reduce APEC prevalence, decrease the risk of co...

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Section: Serum Resistancementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antimicrobial Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antimicrobial Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antimicrobial Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Studies on avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in commercial broiler chicken in South East Queensland

Awawdeh¹,

Turni²,

Henning³

et al.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The impact of this powerful mechanism was only recently recognized with the advent of genome sequencing (Daubin & Szöllősi, 2016). While HGT has been previously assumed to be a sporadic event with low relevance to the recipient organism, nowadays, it is common knowledge that HGT occurs frequently, and that pathogenic components such as toxins and antimicrobial resistance genes are prominent examples for HGT (Liu et al, 2012;Juhas, 2013;Perry et al, 2014). In the era of "superbugs" and fast spreading resistances (Juhas, 2013), methods are urgently required that can identify, characterize and also trace the origin of HGT events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hortense: Horizontal gene transfer detection directly from proteomic MS/MS data

Trappe

Wulf

Doellinger

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a powerful mechanism that allows bacteria to directly transfer long stretches of genomic sequence from one individual to another. The transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes is a prominent example of HGT events in the context of multi-resistant bacteria which pose a high risk to human health. While several approaches for HGT detection exist on the genomic level, to the best of our knowledge, HGT events have not been investigated in a detailed mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomic study. However, the mere presence of a gene does not necessarily correlate with its expression at the protein level. Consequently, to draw conclusions with respect to the expression of HGT-mediated genes, MS-based proteomics can be employed. We developed a first computational approach -called Hortense -for automated HGT detection directly from shotgun proteomics experiments. We extend the standard database search by a critical cross-validation to unravel potential HGT proteins. A proteogenomic extension gives information about the genomic origin and enables an integration with existing genome-based methods. We successfully validated our approach on simulated data, and further evaluated it on real data from a transgenic organism and a negative control from an organism not harboring a transferred gene. Our results indicate that our method facilitates MS-based analysis for proteomic evidence of HGT events. Especially as an orthogonal approach to genome-based HGT detection methods, our proposed workflow is a first step toward a systematic and large scale analysis of HGT events in, e.g., antimicrobial resistance context. Hortense is publicly available at https://gitlab.com/rki bioinformatics/.

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