The antibiotic jinggangmycin increases brown planthopper (BPH) fecundity by enhancing rice plant sugar concentrations and BPH insulin-like signaling

Frizzled 2 Functions in the Regulation of TOR-Mediated Embryonic Development and Fecundity in Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter

“…A stock solution (100 μg/μl) of the JH analog (JHA) methoprene (Sigma) was prepared in acetone as described ( Ge et al, 2020 ) and diluted to 10 μg/μl in acetone and ddH 2 O (1:9 v/v). Newly emerged females that had been microinjected with dsFz2 as fifth instar nymphs were selected, and a 1 μl aliquot of the diluted solution was applied topically as described previously ( Ge et al, 2020 ). Treated C. lividipennis females were transferred into glass cylinders and maintained on normal artificial diets.…”

“…Fifty dsFz2-treated, mated adult females were collected at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 DAE to examine the efficiency of silencing by RNAi (n = 5, N = 3). Fifty dsFz2-treated, mated adult females were also dissected to obtain reproductive tracts at 4 DAE (Ge et al, 2020). The longevity of adult females, preoviposition and oviposition periods, and number of eggs laid per mating pair were determined (one dsFz2-treated female mated with an untreated male; and one dsGFP-treated female mated with an untreated male; n = 10).…”

“…Ovaries from C. lividipennis dsFz2-or dsGFP-treated fifth instar nymphs were removed at 4 DAE and fixed in PBS containing 20% surcose and 4% paraformaldehyde (Zhang et al, 2015). Ovaries were washed three times in PBS containing 0.1% Triton X-100 (PBST), blocked in PBST containing 10% fetal bovine serum, and incubated with anti-Vg (1:500) as described previously (Ge et al, 2020). Samples were rinsed three times in PBS (5 min/wash), and a 1:500 dilution of Alexa Fluor 488-labeled goat anti-rabbit antisera (Abbkine, Redlands, CA, United States) was added (Zhang et al, 2015).…”

The Amino Acid-Mediated TOR Pathway Regulates Reproductive Potential and Population Growth in Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae)

“…The BPH-susceptible rice cultivar Ningjing 4 was used in this study. Seeds were planted in a cement pool, and seedlings were transferred into plastic pots and arranged in hills at the six-leaf stage as previously described (Lu et al, 2017;Ge et al, 2020a). All experiments utilized rice at the tillering stage (40 days).…”

“…The BPH strain utilized herein was provided by the China National Rice Research Institute (Hangzhou) and reared as described previously (Ge et al, 2020a). Cyrtorhinus lividipennis was obtained from rice plants cultivated in Yangzhou and maintained on Ningjing 4 rice containing N. lugens eggs or nymphs.…”