The antibacterial efficacy of a foam mouthwash and its ability to remove biofilms

Abstract

Objectives/AimsTo evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a newly developed foam mouthwash containing a modified lactoperoxidase system in vitro.Materials and methodsBiofilms of five bacterial species were developed on hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces whilst salivary-based biofilm was grown on tooth enamel. Each surface was exposed to the foam mouthwash or saline in vitro. Optical density and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine retention of the biofilm following 5 or 30 s exposure time.ResultsThe foam mouthwash was active against biofilms formed by S. aureus, K. rhizophila, M. thailandicus, E. coli, and C. violaceum and eliminated significant amount of biofilm from each surface; immature 4 h biofilm was less resistant than 24 h biofilm. A 30 s rinse showed best performance, with removal of up to 66% of biofilm from the hydrophilic surface. SEM imaging confirmed oral biofilm removal from the enamel surface after a 5 s rinse with the foam mouthwash.DiscussionFoam mouthwash demonstrated a significant impact on growing biofilm when compared against saline solution. Growing biofilms were more susceptible to the action of the foam mouthwash, which justifies after-meal use of the mouthwash when traditional dentifrices may not be accessible.ConclusionsFoam mouthwash can be a convenient on-the-go format of oral care products that can be used after meals or when needed to reduce the risk of biofilm-associated oral conditions.

Antimicrobial activities of mouthwashes obtained from various combinations of Elettaria cardamomum Maton., Lavandula angustifolia Mill. and Salvia triloba L. essential oils

“…Volatiles & Essent. Oils, 2020;7(1): 9-17 Karadağ et al DOI: 10.37929/nveo.685474 To prevent oral and dental infections, mouthwash solutions or formulations with antimicrobial activity may prevent but also eliminate pathogenic bacteria (Jones et al, 2018;Müller et al, 2017). However, mouthwashes can affect the oral tissue, the tooth enamel and also deteriorate symptoms if the pH is too acidic, due to ethanol or other compounds.…”

Assessment and Characterization of Some New Photosensitizers for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT)

“…Single bacteria were mainly detected after 12 h, while aggregate bacteria and micro-colonies dominated the 48 h samples. Other studies that have shown incomplete eradication of oral bacteria in biofilms following the application of photodynamic therapy [ 56 , 57 ].…”

The Significance of Lactoperoxidase System in Oral Health: Application and Efficacy in Oral Hygiene Products

“…In vitro studies on the effect of lactoperoxidase on oral microorganisms are being constantly published and document its effects against Streptococcus mutans in caries, when used separately [142,166,167,168,169,170] or in combination with lactoferrin, lysozyme, or immunoglobulins [140,141,171,172,173,174]. The ability of S. mutans to create biofilms have been taken into account together with the activity of glucosyltransferases responsible for the synthesis of exopolysaccharides that build the biofilm matrix [142,166,168].…”

“…The ability of S. mutans to create biofilms have been taken into account together with the activity of glucosyltransferases responsible for the synthesis of exopolysaccharides that build the biofilm matrix [142,166,168]. It has been observed that the mouth rinse foam effectively reduces the retention of biofilms produced by salivary as well as nonpathogenic bacteria of the oral cavity [171]. In addition to S. mutans , studies also concentrate on other oral streptococci [141,167,170], species associated with the occurrence of periodontal disease [141,169,170] and C. albicans fungi [167,173].…”

“…In the case of LPO, its activity was detectable after 40 min from the formation of the acquired pellicle for three tested enzymatic pastes [196]. Despite the market availability of many other forms of application of oral hygiene products containing LPO (such as lozenges, gels, foams, and mouthwashes), it is important to remember that they constitute a supplement to teeth brushing and can be easily omitted during an everyday oral care routine, while providing a convenient alternative to a toothpaste for use outside the home [171].…”