The antibacterial effects of terpene alcohols on and their mode of action

Inoue, Yuuichi; Shiraishi, Akio; Hada, Toshiko; Hirose, Kazuo; Hamashima, Hajime; Shimada, Jingoro

doi:10.1016/j.femsle.2004.06.049

Cited by 31 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Farnesol has been shown to have antimicrobial activity in many species [16], including the coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus [17,18] and the coagulase negative Staphyloccous epidermidis [19]. Recently, we showed that farnesol could act as an adjuvant against S. epidermidis infections, when combined with common antibiotics such as vancomycin, tetracycline and rifampicin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis of S. epidermidis biofilms exposed to farnesol, vancomycin and rifampicin

et al. 2012

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BackgroundStaphylococcus epidermidis is the major bacterial species found in biofilm-related infections on indwelling medical devices. Microbial biofilms are communities of bacteria adhered to a surface and surrounded by an extracellular polymeric matrix. Biofilms have been associated with increased antibiotic tolerance to the immune system. This increased resistance to conventional antibiotic therapy has lead to the search for new antimicrobial therapeutical agents. Farnesol, a quorum-sensing molecule in Candida albicans, has been described as impairing growth of several different microorganisms and we have previously shown its potential as an adjuvant in antimicrobial therapy against S. epidermidis. However, its mechanism of action in S. epidermidis is not fully known. In this work we better elucidate the role of farnesol against S: epidermidis biofilms using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).Findings24 h biofilms were exposed to farnesol, vancomycin or rifampicin and were analysed by CLSM, after stained with a Live/Dead stain, a known indicator of cell viability, related with cell membrane integrity. Biofilms were also disrupted by sonication and viable and cultivable cells were quantified by colony forming units (CFU) plating. Farnesol showed a similar effect as vancomycin, both causing little reduction of cell viability but at the same time inducing significant changes in the biofilm structure. On the other hand, rifampicin showed a distinct action in S. epidermidis biofilms, by killing a significant proportion of biofilm bacteria.ConclusionsWhile farnesol is not very efficient at killing biofilm bacteria, it damages cell membrane, as determined by the live/dead staining, in a similar way as vancomycin. Furthermore, farnesol might induce biofilm detachment, as determined by the reduced biofilm biomass, which can partially explain the previous findings regarding its role as a possible chemotherapy adjuvant.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis of S. epidermidis biofilms exposed to farnesol, vancomycin and rifampicin

et al. 2012

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“…Farnesol at 100 µg/ml inhibits the pro-coagulant effect, production of S. aureus exotoxins and potentiated the effects of cell wall acting ampicillin (21). Inoue et al demonstrated that K + ion leakage from S. aureus induced by the terpene alcohols such as farnesol correlated with the antibacterial effects (22). Thus, the antibacterial effects of farnesol may be due to its effects on membrane integrity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farnesol Decreases Biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Exhibits Synergy With Nafcillin and Vancomycin

et al. 2011

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Biofilm infections are frequently caused by S. epidermidis, are resistant to antimicrobial agents and adversely affect patient outcomes. We evaluated farnesol, the Candida quorum sensing molecule, on S. epidermidis biofilms, in vitro and in vivo. We evaluated ED50, ED75 and ED90 –(drug concentrations causing 50%, 75% and 90% inhibition respectively) of farnesol and evaluated synergy with nafcillin and vancomycin. Farnesol’s effects on morphology of S. epidermidis biofilms were analyzed using confocal microscopy and real-time changes using a bioluminescent strain of S. epidermidis, Xen 43. In mice, effects of farnesol treatment on subcutaneous catheter biofilms, cultures of blood, kidney, catheter and peri-catheter tissues and bioluminescence in strain Xen 43 were evaluated. Farnesol inhibited biofilms (ED50 ranged from 0.625 to 2.5 mM) and was synergistic with nafcillin and vancomycin at most combination ratios. Farnesol significantly decreased biovolume, substratum coverage and mean thickness of S. epidermidis biofilms. In mice, farnesol significantly decreased viable colony counts of S. epidermidis from blood, kidney, catheter and peri-catheter tissues and decreased Xen 43 bioluminescence. We confirmed the anti-biofilm effects of farnesol both in vitro and in vivo, in a bioluminescent strain and its synergy with antibiotics. Farnesol may be effective against clinical S. epidermidis biofilm infections.

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“…38 Plaunotol (5) has exhibited activity against twenty methicillin-resistant and fourteen methicillin-sensitive strains of Staphylococcus aureus. 187,188 The results suggested that plaunotol might be useful in the prevention of infection and skin care for patients with atopic dermatitis.…”

Section: Antibacterial Antifungal and Antiviralmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traditional uses, chemistry and pharmacology of Croton species (Euphorbiaceae)

Salatino¹,

Salatino²,

Negri³

2007

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

377

320

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Croton é um gênero de Euphorbiaceae com cerca de 1300 espécies, amplamente distribuídas em regiões tropicais do Novo e Velho Mundos. Várias espécies há muito tempo desempenham papel importante nos usos tradicionais de plantas medicinais na África, Ásia e América do Sul. Tais usos incluem tratamento de câncer, constipação intestinal, diarréia e outros problemas digestivos, diabetes, feridas externas, febre, hipercolesterolemia, hipertensão, inflamação, vermes intestinais, malária, dor, úlceras e obesidade. Várias espécies de Croton têm um látex vermelho que contém, em algumas espécies, pró-antocianidinas e/ou alcalóides. Os alcalóides de Croton são a taspina ou substâncias relacionadas a benzilisoquinolinas. Os diterpenos são muito comuns em Croton, correspondendo a clerodanos, cembranóides, halimanos, cauranos, labdanos, ésteres do forbol, traquilobanos e sarcopetalanos. Algumas espécies são aromáticas, devido à presença de óleos voláteis. Representantes de novas classes de substâncias (fenilbutanóides, alcalóides glutarimidínicos e diterpenos sarcopetalanos) têm sido isoladas de espécies de Croton. Enquanto laticíferos têm sido descritos em espécies de Croton, até o momento não há estudos anatômicos sobre estruturas secretoras de óleos voláteis. Parece haver afinidades químicas no gênero relacionadas à geografia, agrupando espécies com (i) cauranos e/ou labdanos, (ii) traquilobanos e (iii) alcalóides. Os ensaios farmacológicos freqüentemente vêm corroborando os usos tradicionais de espécies de Croton. Grande parte dos ensaios farmacológicos trata do clerodano trans-desidrocrotonina, envolvendo uma grande diversidade de efeitos, incluindo hipolipidêmico, hipoglicêmico, antiestrogênico e anticâncer. Efeitos citotóxicos também vêm sendo observados em ensaios com alcalóides (taspina) e com diterpenóides secocaurenos, labdanos e cembranóides. Vários outros efeitos de substâncias de Croton têm sido relatados, incluindo anti-hipertensivos, antiinflamatórios, antimaláricos, antimicrobianos, antiespasmódicos, antiulcerogênicos, antivirais e mio-relaxantes.Croton is a genus of Euphorbiaceae comprising around 1,300 species, widespread in tropical regions of the Old and New Worlds. Several species have a long role in the traditional use of medicinal plants in Africa, Asia and South America. Popular uses include treatment of cancer, constipation, diabetes, digestive problems, dysentery, external wounds, fever, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, inflammation, intestinal worms, malaria, pain, ulcers and weight-loss. Several species of Croton have a red sap, in some species containing proanthocyanidins and/or alkaloids. The latter may be taspine or some of several benzylisoquinoline-like compounds. Diterpenes are very common in Croton, corresponding to clerodanes, cembranoid, halimanes, kauranes, labdanes, phorbol esters, trachylobanes and sarcopetalanes. Some species are aromatic due to the possession of volatile oils. Representatives of new classes of compounds (phenylbutanoids, glutarimide alkaloids, sarcopetalane diterpen...

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The antibacterial effects of terpene alcohols on and their mode of action

Cited by 31 publications

References 15 publications

Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis of S. epidermidis biofilms exposed to farnesol, vancomycin and rifampicin

Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis of S. epidermidis biofilms exposed to farnesol, vancomycin and rifampicin

Farnesol Decreases Biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Exhibits Synergy With Nafcillin and Vancomycin

Traditional uses, chemistry and pharmacology of Croton species (Euphorbiaceae)

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