The Antibacterial Activity of Marine Planktonic Algae

Duff, D. C. B.; Bruce, Deborah; Antia, N. J.

doi:10.1139/m66-120

Cited by 72 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Unlike metazoans, marine diatoms are not known to have an immune system that can counteract parasites. Duff et al (1966) suggested that marine diatoms can secrete antibiotics but this has not been verified by other studies. Previous reports hypothesized that DA is an anti-bacterial agent (Bates et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Host-specific adaptation governs the interaction of the marine diatom, Pseudo-nitzschia and their microbiota

et al. 2013

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The association of phytoplankton with bacteria is ubiquitous in nature and the bacteria that associate with different phytoplankton species are very diverse. The influence of these bacteria in the physiology and ecology of the host and the evolutionary forces that shape the relationship are still not understood. In this study, we used the Pseudo-nitzschia-microbiota association to determine (1) if algal species with distinct domoic acid (DA) production are selection factors that structures the bacterial community, (2) if host-specificity and co-adaptation govern the association, (3) the functional roles of isolated member of microbiota on diatom-hosts fitness and (4) the influence of microbiota in changing the phenotype of the diatom hosts with regards to toxin production. Analysis of the pyrosequencing-derived 16S rDNA data suggests that the three tested species of Pseudo-nitzschia, which vary in toxin production, have phylogenetically distinct bacterial communities, and toxic Pseudo-nitzschia have lower microbial diversity than non-toxic Pseudonitzschia. Transplant experiments showed that isolated members of the microbiota are mutualistic to their native hosts but some are commensal or parasitic to foreign hosts, hinting at co-evolution between partners. Moreover, Pseudo-nitzschia host can gain protection from algalytic bacteria by maintaining association with its microbiota. Pseudo-nitzschia also exhibit different phenotypic expression with regards to DA production, and this depends on the bacterial species with which the host associates. Hence, the influences of the microbiota on diatom host physiology should be considered when studying the biology and ecology of marine diatoms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Host-specific adaptation governs the interaction of the marine diatom, Pseudo-nitzschia and their microbiota

et al. 2013

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“…Antibacterial activity was studied because prokaryotes represent a major group of competitors for microalgae in terms of space and resources and could also pose a threat as intracellular or epibiont parasites or direct pathogens (Cole, 1982;Imai et al, 1993;Mayali & Azam, 2004). Methanol extracts of laboratory grown cultures of P. tricornutum are known to have growth inhibitory effects in vitro against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria of marine or non-marine origin (Duff et al, 1966;Kellam & Walker, 1989;Desbois et al, 2008Desbois et al, , 2009. We have shown that certain unsaturated free fatty acids are responsible for the bactericidal properties of P. tricornutum methanol extracts, namely eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3; EPA) (Desbois et al, 2009), (6Z, 9Z, 12Z )-hexadecatrienoic acid (C16:3 n-4; HTA) and palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7; PA) (Desbois et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential antibacterial activities of fusiform and oval morphotypes of Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae)

2010

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The diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a common inhabitant of inshore waters and can exist in different morphotypes that are thought to be adapted for survival in different habitats. Despite this diatom being widely used for physiological and genetic studies of microalgae, little is known about biochemical or physiological differences between the cell morphotypes. The present study was aimed at comparing differences in the antibacterial properties of the fusiform and oval morphotypes, the dominant cell types found in laboratory cultures of most strains of P. tricornutum. In cultures differing in proportions of fusiform and oval cells, there is a significant and positive correlation between the proportion of cells in the fusiform morphotype and the antibacterial activity of cell extracts. Extracts prepared from cultures enriched for fusiform cells (76%) show greater antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus, than those prepared from pure (100%) oval cultures. Thus fusiform cells contain greater antibacterial activity per cell compared to the ovals. Gas -liquid chromatographic analyses of the extracts reveal that those from enriched fusiform populations contain significantly greater levels of the free fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), hexadecatrienoic acid (HTA) and palmitoleic acid (PA) than the pure oval cell cultures. These free fatty acids from P. tricornutum have been previously shown by us to have potent antibacterial activity against S. aureus. Free fatty acids, released from damaged microalgal cells, defend the microalgal population against grazing predators but, here, we suggest that these free fatty acids could also act against pathogenic bacteria in the vicinity of the algae. As cell extracts from the fusiform cells contain greater quantities of these fatty acids, fusiform cells may have greater potential than the ovals for this type of protection.

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“…Zsochrysis galbana Parke was grown in axenic culture and the algal material was harvested and dried as described by Antia & Kalmakoff Algal extracts were prepared by three methods. Method (a) involved sequential extractions with three solvent systems (acetone ; chloroform; chloroform + methanol (I + I, v/v)) at room temperature as described by Duff et al (1966). Method (b) was similar to method (a) but with the extraction with each solvent system repeated twice before using the next solvent in the sequence.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Identification of Two Antibacterial Products of the Marine Planktonic Alga Isochrysis galbana

Bruce

Duff

Antia

1967

Journal of General Microbiology

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The Antibacterial Activity of Marine Planktonic Algae

Cited by 72 publications

References 6 publications

Host-specific adaptation governs the interaction of the marine diatom, Pseudo-nitzschia and their microbiota

Host-specific adaptation governs the interaction of the marine diatom, Pseudo-nitzschia and their microbiota

Differential antibacterial activities of fusiform and oval morphotypes of Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Bacillariophyceae)

The Identification of Two Antibacterial Products of the Marine Planktonic Alga Isochrysis galbana

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