The antibacterial activity and stability of acetic acid

Antimicrobial dressings: Comparison of the ability of a panel of dressings to prevent biofilm formation by key burn wound pathogens

“…AA was tested at Acetic acid (CH 3 COOH) Bactericidal and active against biofilms when used at low concentration for a range of important burn wound pathogens [39,40] b u r n s x x x ( 2 0 1 5 ) x x x -x x x the following dilutions: 5%, 2.5%, 1.25%, 0.63%, 0.31%, 0.16%, 0.08%, 0.04%, 0.02% and 0.01%. For the AMD test wells, one piece of dressing was placed into the well containing the organism suspension and water to provide a total volume of 2 ml plus dressing.…”

Commercial Acetic Acid: A Potential Regenerative Agent for Chronic Cutaneous Wounds? A Quasi-Experimental Study

“…It has been utilised for the treatment of cutaneous wounds, superficial and deep ulcer, including decubitus and neuropathic ulcers (Fraise et al, 2013;Phillips et al, 1968). Acetic acid, also known as anhydrous acetic acid, is a weak organic acid with the chemical formula CH3COOH (Figure 1) (Molview.org, 2016).…”

“…However, it is highly dangerous to skin when concentrated, and it becomes corrosive at a concentration above 25%, and corrosive-flammable at a level above 90% (SIGMA-ALDRICH, A Part of Merck, 2016;TOXBASE, 2016). It is well documented that thieves had used commercial acetic acid (vinegar) during the great plague of Europe, in order to avoid contracting an infection while vandalising and stealing valuables from the dead corpse of the plague victims (Fraise et al, 2013). Similarly, during the American Civil War and the 1 st World War, the apple cider vinegar was implemented in wound dressings.…”

“…Later on, acetic acid has been a widely used as a topical antiseptic for the treatment of burns, skin wounds and ulcers. Besides, it has been very well known to have an excellent antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative organisms, particularly for the stubborn Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and resistant strains of both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus (Fraise et al, 2013;Phillips et al, 1968). However, the popularity of acetic acid in wound dressing has waned considerably in the past decades, due to the development of advanced and experimental dressings, and more recently biological and composite dressings, synthetic skin grafts, and dermal substitutes (Fraise et al, 2013;Valle et al, 2014;Walter et al, 2012).…”

“…Furthermore, these properties were not inhibited by organic material such as cotton. Another advantage over other disinfectants-antimicrobials is that vinegar is inexpensive and easy-to-purchase, which is of prime value in economically-backwards and developing countries (Fraise et al, 2013;Valle et al, 2014;Walter et al, 2012). Acetic acid had also been used as a solvent and a co-agent of purification in a vast plethora of chemical reactions (Pickart, 1991).…”