The anti-protozoal activity of bronopol on the key life-stages of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876 (Ciliophora)

Shinn, Andrew P.; Picón-Camacho, Sara M.; Bron, James E.; Conway, Denny; Yoon, Gil Ha; Guo, Fu Ci; Taylor, Nicholas G H

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.11.025

Cited by 32 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Similar phenomena were observed in the studies conducted by Shinn et al (2012). The chemical bronopol at the concentration of 1 mg/L could not kill all theronts during a period of 12 h exposure, but significantly reduced infestation by theronts in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).…”

Section: Catfish Number/tanksupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Therefore, in vitro anti-theront trials are essential for screening anti-Ich parasiticides. In recent studies, the theront mortality (Ling et al, 2010Yi et al, 2012) and survival (Shinn et al, 2012) have been used as parameters for evaluation of parasiticide efficacy at various time intervals. It was difficult to accurately enumerate the dead theronts since the dead theronts were easily ruptured within a short time.…”

Section: Catfish Number/tankmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most theronts (95.3%) can survive in water for 48 h (Shinn et al, 2012) and possess an increased propensity to infect fish, especially when fish are raised at a high density. Rapidly eliminating theronts can prevent Ich infestation of host fish.…”

Section: Catfish Number/tankmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, malachite green has been banned for use in food fish due to its carcinogenic and genotoxic effects on humans (Alderman, 1985;Wahli et al, 1993;Srivastava et al, 2004). Other chemotherapeutants, such as formalin (Rintamäki-Kinnunen et al, 2005a,b;Rowland et al, 2009), chloramine-T (Rintamäki-Kinnunen et al, 2005a), copper sulphate (Ling et al, 1993;Schlenk et al, 1998;Rowland et al, 2009), potassium permanganate (Straus and Griffin, 2002), hydrogen peroxide (Rintamäki-Kinnunen et al, 2005a), sodium percarbonate (Buchmann et al, 2003), peracetic acid (Straus and Meinelt, 2009;Sudová et al, 2010) and bronopol (Shinn et al, 2012) have been evaluated for their antiparasitic efficacy. The majority of these therapeutants lack efficacy for treating Ich or they are not safe for human health and the environment (Tieman and Goodwin, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of an antiparasitic compound extracted from Galla chinensis against fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

Zhang

Klesius

2013

Veterinary Parasitology

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Section: Catfish Number/tanksupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Catfish Number/tankmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Catfish Number/tankmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evaluation of an antiparasitic compound extracted from Galla chinensis against fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

Zhang

Klesius

2013

Veterinary Parasitology

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“…Theronts and tomonts live in water, and trophonts parasitize fish skin and gills (Matthews 2005. The parasite causes 'white spot' disease which results in high fish mortality and heavy economic losses in aquaculture (Shinn et al 2012 Chemical treatment is commonly used to treat fish white spot disease. However, in aquaculture, a lack of safe and effective chemical therapeutants exists (Tieman & Goodwin 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cynatratoside-C efficacy against theronts of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, and toxicity tests on grass carp and mammal blood cells

Fu¹,

Zhang²,

Xu³

et al. 2015

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Infection by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, a ciliated protozoan parasite, results in high fish mortality and causes severe economic losses in aquaculture. To find new, efficient anti-I. multifiliis agents, cynatratoside-C was isolated from Cynanchum atratum by bioassay-guided fractionation in a previous study. The present study investigated the anti-theront activity, determined the toxicity of cynatratoside-C to grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus and mammalian blood cells, and evaluated the protection of cynatratoside-C against I. multifiliis theront infection in grass carp. Results showed that all theronts were killed by 0.25 mg l −1 of cynatratoside-C in 186.7 ± 5.8 min. Cynatratoside-C at 0.25 mg l −1 was effective in treating infected grass carp and protecting naive fish from I. multifiliis infestation. The 96 h median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) of cynatratoside-C to grass carp and 4 h median effective concentration (EC 50 ) of cynatratoside-C to theront were 46.8 and 0.088 mg l −1 , respectively. In addition, the hemolysis assay demonstrated that cynatratoside-C had no cytotoxicity to rabbit red blood cells. Therefore, cynatratoside-C could be a safe and effective potential parasiticide for controlling I. multifiliis.

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The potential utility of the leopard pleco (Glyptoperichthys gibbiceps) as a biological control of the ciliate protozoan Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

Picón-Camacho

Leclercq

Bron

et al. 2012

Pest Management Science

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This study demonstrates for the first time the potential of G. gibbiceps as a biological control to reduce I. multifiliis on commercially valuable fish stocks in warm-water systems. This likely originated from the grazing activity of G. gibbiceps on the biofilm layer upon which the multiplicative stage of I. multifiliis was shown preferentially to settle. Therapeutic strategies against pathogenic protozoan species like I. multifiliis could greatly benefit from incorporating, where appropriate, a biological control targeting the external multiplicative life stages of the parasite, potentially reducing the current dependence on chemical interventions.

show abstract

The anti-protozoal activity of bronopol on the key life-stages of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis Fouquet, 1876 (Ciliophora)

Cited by 32 publications

References 30 publications

Evaluation of an antiparasitic compound extracted from Galla chinensis against fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

Evaluation of an antiparasitic compound extracted from Galla chinensis against fish parasite Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

Cynatratoside-C efficacy against theronts of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, and toxicity tests on grass carp and mammal blood cells

The potential utility of the leopard pleco (Glyptoperichthys gibbiceps) as a biological control of the ciliate protozoan Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

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