The anti-obesity effect ofLethariella cladonioidesin 3T3-L1 cells and obese mice

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a water extract of L. cladonioides (LC) has an anti-obesity effect in 3T3-L1 cells and obese mice. Treatment of differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes with LC caused a significant increase in glycerol release and reduced the protein expression of the adipogenic transcription factors, PPARγ and C/EBPα. In an animal model, obese mice were artificially induced by a high fat diet for 10 weeks. Experimental groups were treated with LC (100 mg/kg/day) by gavage for the next 10 weeks. At the end of experiment, the body weight of the LC group mice was reduced by 14.2% compared to the high fat diet (HFD) group. The treatment also decreased liver (31.0%), epididymal (18.0%) and retroperitoneal (19.3%) adipose tissue, and kidney (6.7%) weights, respectively, compared with those of the HFD group. LC prevented diet-induced increases in the serum level of TC (22.6%), TG (11.6%), and glucose (35.0%), respectively, compared with the HFD group. However, the HDL-C level was higher in the LC group (26.1%) than the HFD group. The results of this study thus suggest that LC suppressed lipid accumulation and expression of adipogenic transcription factors, and increased the amount of glycerol release. LC also indicated an anti-obese and anti-hyperlipidemic effect.

Antiobesity Effects of Purple Perilla (Perilla frutescens var. acuta) on Adipocyte Differentiation and Mice Fed a High‐fat Diet

“…The process where preadipocytes differentiate into lipid‐laden adipocytes is called adipogenesis, occurs in several stages, including preadipocyte cell proliferation, differentiation and lipid accumulation and transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) regulates this process (K. N. Kim et al., ; M. Kim, Park, Song, & Cha, ). Lipogenesis is the process of triglyceride (TG) synthesis, which requires enzymes including acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) (Sung et al., ). Conversely, in the process of breaking down fat, known as lipolysis, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) are required (J. H. Kim et al., ).…”

“…Kim, Park, Song, & Cha, 2015). Lipogenesis is the process of triglyceride (TG) synthesis, which requires enzymes including acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) (Sung et al, 2011). Conversely, in the process of breaking down fat, known as lipolysis, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) are required (J. H. .…”

Anti-Obesity Property of Lichen Thamnolia vermicularis Extract in 3T3-L1 Cells and Diet-Induced Obese Mice

“…1C ). Similarly, Sung et al ( 18 ) found that lichen Lethariella cladonioides (25~500 μg/mL) significantly inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Thus, the TV extract appeared to negatively mediate lipid accumulation, even when applied in low doses, thereby leading to greater inhibition of 3T3-L1 adipocytes differentiation than Lethariella cladonioides .…”

Screening for PPAR Non-Agonist Ligands Followed by Characterization of a Hit, AM-879, with Additional No-Adipogenic and cdk5-Mediated Phosphorylation Inhibition Properties

“…In the context of adipogenesis, AM-879 did not induce the expression of the adipogenic markers genes, Cebpa and Cd36 ( 50 , 51 ), in 3T3-L1 cells, which contrasted with the effect of the full PPARγ agonist, Rosi, which, as expected, strongly increased the expression of these genes ( 9 , 45 , 52 ). Cells treated with AM-879 present similar levels of mRNA, in comparison to control cells, for the key regulator of adipogenesis CEBPA, which together with PPARγ, is essential during the early stage of adipocyte differentiation ( 53 ), and in the maintenance of this state ( 54 , 55 ). Cd36 , another important gene in lipid metabolism that is also a direct target of PPARγ ( 56 ), showed slightly reduced mRNA expression after AM-879 treatment.…”