The anti-influenza virus drug, arbidol is an efficient inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro

Wang, Xi; Cao, Ruiyuan; Zhang, Huanyu; Liu, Jia; Xu, Mingyue; Hu, Hengrui; Li, Yufeng; Zhao, Lei; Li, Wei; Sun, Xiulian; Yang, Xing‐Lou; Z, Shi; Deng, Fei; Wang, Manli; Zhong, Wu; Wang, Manli

doi:10.1038/s41421-020-0169-8

Cited by 278 publications

(307 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Overall, 15 in vitro published studies were included in the systematic review, which comprised majorly of treatments done on Vero E6 cells for viral titration, drug inhibition and cytotoxicity analyses. Nine studies were included from China, 4,5,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24] three from United States of America (USA), [25][26][27] one each from Germany, 28 Netherlands 29 and Australia. 30 There were two studies 5,20 involving the antimalarial drug on hydroxychloroquine, which had chloroquine as a positive control in both the studies.…”

Section: Results From the Systematic Review Of In Vitro Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of various treatment modalities for nCOV‐2019: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Misra

Nath

Hadda

et al. 2020

Eur J Clin Investigation

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Background: Several therapeutic agents have been investigated for treatment of novel coronavirus 2019 (nCOV-2019). We conducted a systematic review and metaanalysis to assess the efficacy of various treatment modalities in nCOV-2019 patients. Methods: A literature search was conducted before 29 June 2020 in PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane library databases. A fixed-effect model was applied if I 2 < 50%, else results were combined using random-effect model. Risk ratio (RR) or standardized mean difference (SMD) along with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was used to pool the results. Between-study heterogeneity was explored using influence and sensitivity analyses, and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots. Entire statistical analysis was conducted in R version 3.6.2. Results: Fifty studies involving 15 in vitro and 35 clinical studies including 9170 nCOV-2019 patients were included. Lopinavir-ritonavir was significantly associated with shorter mean time to clinical recovery (SMD −0.32; 95% CI −0.57 to −0.06), remdesivir was significantly associated with better overall clinical recovery (RR 1.17; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.29), and tocilizumab was associated with less all-cause mortality (RR 0.38; 95% CI 0.16 to 0.93). Hydroxychloroquine was associated with longer time to clinical recovery and less overall clinical recovery. It additionally had higher all-cause mortality and more total adverse events. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis suggests that except in vitro studies, no treatment has shown overall favourable outcomes in nCOV-2019 patients. Lopinavir-ritonavir, remdesivir and tocilizumab may have some benefits, while hydroxychloroquine administration may cause harm in nCOV-2019 patients. Results from upcoming large clinical trials may further clarify role of these drugs. K E Y W O R D S humans, interventions, nCOV-2019, novel coronavirus 2019, treatments 2 of 21 | MISRA et Al. 2 | METHODS 2.1 | Electronic search Electronic databases including, PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, Google Scholar, Cochrane library and clinicaltrials.gov were searched till 29 June 2020. The following MeSH terms or free text terms were used: '2019 novel coronavirus', '2019 nCOV', 'COVID19', 'SARS-CoV-2', 'drug therapy', 'antiviral therapy', 'symptomatic treatment', 'immunotherapy'. The detailed search criteria are given in the Appendix S1. Furthermore, the reference list of all the relevant identified articles was thoroughly searched. Only those articles were included whose full texts were available in English language. Studies published on human subjects after 31 December 2019 since the nCOV-2019 outbreak initiated, were only searched. The protocol for this systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020175792), and there were no major deviations from the published protocol in PROSPERO. 2.2 | Population Subjects diagnosed with pneumonia caused by new coronavirus 2019 infection (nCOV-2019) confirmed positive on highthroughput sequencing or real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of thro...

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Section: Results From the Systematic Review Of In Vitro Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of various treatment modalities for nCOV‐2019: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Misra

Nath

Hadda

et al. 2020

Eur J Clin Investigation

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“…Using a repurposed compound screening approach, we identified drugs with reported inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2, such as tetrandrine (37) and arbidol (38), and characterized a number of previously unreported small-molecule (JIB-04, AG-1478, nigericin, etc.) that reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

JIB-04 has broad-spectrum antiviral activity and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication and coronavirus pathogenesis

Son

Huang

Zeng

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Pathogenic coronaviruses represent a major threat to global public health. Here, using a recombinant reporter virus-based compound screening approach, we identified several small-molecule inhibitors that potently block the replication of the newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Two compounds, nitazoxanide and JIB-04 inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cells with an EC50 of 4.90 μM and 0.69 μM, respectively, with specificity indices of greater than 150. Both inhibitors had in vitro antiviral activity in multiple cell types against some DNA and RNA viruses, including porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus. In an in vivo porcine model of coronavirus infection, administration of JIB-04 reduced virus infection and associated tissue pathology, which resulted in improved body weight gain and survival. These results highlight the potential utility of nitazoxanide and JIB-04 as antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2 and other viral pathogens.

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“…Further, not a single specific drug has so far been approved for COVID-19 treatment. The re-purposed drug candidates such as Arbidol, Favipiravir, Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir, and Ribavirin are reported to elicit varying levels of responses and side effects (Boriskin et al, 2008 ; Levantovsky & Vabret, 2020 ; Wang, Cao, Zhang, Liu, et al, 2020 ; Wang, Cao, Zhang, Yang, et al, 2020 ; Yao et al, 2020 ). Most of the treatment strategies involving antivirals are generally single target inhibitors which are not highly effective in combating this virus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary metabolites from spice and herbs as potential multitarget inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 proteins

Gupta

Singh

Varadwaj

et al. 2020

Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible for the current global pandemic that has caused a death toll of >1.12 million worldwide and number continues to climb in several countries. Currently, there are neither specific antiviral drugs nor vaccines for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19. We screened in silico , a group of natural spice and herbal secondary metabolites (SMs) for their inhibition efficacy against multiple target proteins of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protein. Docking and simulation results indicated that epicatechin, embelin, hesperidin, cafestol, murrayanine and murrayaquinone-A have higher inhibition efficacy over at least one of the known antiviral drugs such as Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir and Ribavirin. Combination of these potentially effective SMs from their respective plant sources was analysed, and its absorption and acute oral toxicity were examined in Wistar rats and classified as category 5 as per the Globally Harmonized System. The identified SMs may be useful in the development of preventive nutraceuticals, food supplements and antiviral drugs. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

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The anti-influenza virus drug, arbidol is an efficient inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro

Cited by 278 publications

References 16 publications

Efficacy of various treatment modalities for nCOV‐2019: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Efficacy of various treatment modalities for nCOV‐2019: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

JIB-04 has broad-spectrum antiviral activity and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication and coronavirus pathogenesis

Secondary metabolites from spice and herbs as potential multitarget inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 proteins

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