The anti-inflammatory prostaglandin 15d-PGJ2 and its nuclear receptor PPARgamma are decreased in schizophrenia

Evidence of activation of the Toll-like receptor-4 proinflammatory pathway in patients with schizophrenia

“…[13][14][15] A significant increase in intracellular components of the NF-κB-dependent main proinflammatory pathway (iNOS, COX-2 expression, and NO 2 and MDA levels), along with a significant decrease in the anti-inflammatory receptor PPARγ, have been reported in patients with FEPS and chronic schizophrenia. However, in our PFC samples, these proinflammatory parameters remained unaltered, and the expression of PPARγ increased.…”

“…Recently, a peripheral imbalance of these pro-/antiinflammatory pathways was reported in patients with firstepisode psychosis (FEP) and in patients with chronic schizophrenia with an acutely exacerbated condition. [13][14][15] However, only a few studies report altered TLR expression or response to immune stimuli in patients with schizophrenia. 16,17 A recent update reviews the randomized controlled trials of the efficacy of anti-inflammatory compounds in patients with schizophrenia.…”

Epigenetic Modifications in Hepatic Stellate Cells Contribute to Liver Fibrosis

“…Furthermore, Martínez-Gras et al (2011) demonstrated that the decrease of PPAR-γ expression in PBMCs was associated with the balance between inflammation and antiinflammation in schizophrenia (Martinez-Gras et al 2011). This phenomenon also indicated that PPAR-γ might have its potential role in the regulation of inflammation in PBMCs, independent of indirect way through HSCs.…”

Serum peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma levels in acute phase of male patients with schizophrenia and their relationship with metabolic parameters

“…Studies showing the protective role of PPARγ agonists in animal studies conducted for neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis and the studies displaying that neuro-inflammation was prevented by PPARγ ligands indicated that PPARγ might have had a role in schizophrenia and inflammation relationship [23]. In a study conducted by Martínez-Gras et al, it was indicated that prostaglandin 15d-PGJ 2 (an anti-inflammatory molecule) and its nuclear receptor PPARγ were decreased in patients with schizophrenia [24]. In the present study, there was a significant difference between patient and control group in terms of inflammation indicators such as CRP, sedimentation, leukocyte number, and albumin levels, while there were no differences in terms of PPARγ.…”