The anti-inflammatory potential of a moderately hydrolysed casein and its 5 kDa fraction in in vitro and ex vivo models of the gastrointestinal tract

Abstract

Bioactive peptides from milk can impart a wide range of physiological benefits without the allergies and intolerance associated with the consumption of whole milk. The objective of this study was to characterise the anti-inflammatory properties of intact sodium caseinate (NaCAS), a moderately hydrolysed NaCAS enzyme hydrolysate (EH) and its 5 kDa fraction (5kDaR), in both in vitro and ex vivo systems. In vitro, Caco-2 cells were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α and co-treated ± casein hydrolysates or dexamethasone (control). The inflammatory marker interleukin (IL)-8 was measured by ELISA in the supernatant at 24 h. Ex vivo, porcine colonic tissues were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and co-treated with casein hydrolysates for 3 h from which the relative expression of a panel of cytokines was measured in vitro. While the steroid dexamethasone brought about a 41.6% reduction in the IL-8 concentration in the supernatant, the 5kDaR reduced IL-8 by 59% (P < 0.05) when compared to the TNFα stimulated Caco-2 cells. In the ex vivo system, 5kDaR was associated with decreases in IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-8 and TGF-β expression and an increase in IL-17 expression (P < 0.05) relative to the LPS challenged tissues. We concluded, that a 5 kDa casein fraction demonstrates potent anti-inflammatory effects both in in vitro and ex vivo models of the gastrointestinal tract.

The anti-inflammatory effect of milk and dairy products on periodontal cells: an in vitro approach

“…For example, pre-term human milk suppresses TNF-induced inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells [4]. All other in vitro studies focus on fractions of milk such as hydrolysate to reduce the inflammatory response of TNFα-challenged colon cancer cells and LPS-challenged porcine colonic explants [5]. Moreover, whey protein hydrolysates decrease IL8 secretion in LPS-stimulated respiratory epithelial cells [6].…”

“…Further support for the antiinflammatory activity of milk is based on in vitro studies. For example, pre-term human milk suppresses TNFα-induced inflammation in intestinal epithelial cells [4], while casein hydrolysate and its peptide-enriched fractions reduce the inflammatory response in Caco-2 cells and porcine colonic explants [5]. Whey protein hydrolysates decrease IL8 secretion in LPS-stimulated respiratory epithelial cells [6].…”

Partially hydrolyzed whey proteins prevent clinical symptoms in a cow's milk allergy mouse model and enhance regulatory T and B cell frequencies

“…These peptides were found to possess a range of immunomodulatory capacities [8][9][10][11]. This suggests that specific peptides might contribute to hypoallergenic effects of hydrolysates.…”

Alternative foaming agents for topical treatment of ulcerative colitis

“…It has several applications, and has already been evaluated for use in different drug delivery platforms. 25,26 While these studies showed that sodium caseinate does not possess the same antiinflammatory effects as its hydrolysates, it may still possess limited anti-inflammatory properties that make it a good choice for topical drug delivery platforms such as foams. Peptides derived from this protein have shown promising anti-inflammatory effects when tested against cell lines and tissue explants.…”