The Anti-Fasciolasis Properties of Silver Nanoparticles Produced by Trichoderma harzianum and Their Improvement of the Anti-Fasciolasis Drug Triclabendazole

Abstract

Recently, new strains of Fasciola demonstrated drug resistance, which increased the need for new drugs or improvement of the present drugs. Nanotechnology is expected to open some new opportunities to fight and prevent diseases using an atomic scale tailoring of materials. The ability to uncover the structure and function of biosystems at the nanoscale, stimulates research leading to improvement in biology, biotechnology, medicine and healthcare. The size of nanomaterials is similar to that of most biological molecules and structures; therefore, nanomaterials can be useful for both in vivo and in vitro biomedical research and applications. Therefore, this work aimed to isolate fungal strains from Taif soil samples, which have the ability to synthesize silver nanoparticles. The fungus Trichoderma harzianum, when challenged with silver nitrate solution, accumulated silver nanoparticles (AgNBs) on the surface of its cell wall in 72 h. These nanoparticles, dislodged by ultrasonication, showed an absorption peak at 420 nm in a UV-visible spectrum, corresponding to the plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles. The transmission electron micrographs of dislodged nanoparticles in aqueous solution showed the production of reasonably monodisperse silver nanoparticles (average particle size: 4.66 nm) by the fungus. The percentage of non hatching eggs treated with the Triclabendazole drug was 69.67%, while this percentage increased to 89.67% in combination with drug and AgNPs.

Silver Nanoparticles against Foodborne Bacteria. Effects at Intestinal Level and Health Limitations

“…As feed additives, Ag-NPs has shown to be effective in the reduction of potentially pathogenic organisms such as E. coli and Clostridium perfringens [40][41][42][43], which could reduce the use of antibiotics in livestock [43]. Additionally, some Ag-NPs have also showed effective antiparasitic activity [44][45][46].…”

Silver Nanoparticles: Therapeutical Uses, Toxicity, and Safety Issues

“…It has the ability to infect liver of various mammals, including humans. Gherbawy et al studied the antifasciolasis properties of AgNPs produced by Trichoderma harzianum and also compared AgNPs activity with the commercially available effective drug triclabendazole. The study concluded that AgNPs have considerable antifasciolasis activity compared with triclabendazole.…”

Application of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles for the Control of Land Snail Eobania vermiculata and Some Plant Pathogenic Fungi

“…The nanotechnology-based pesticides differ from the other synthetic pesticide in surface character and size. Nanomaterials could be useful in biological researches and applications due to their size which is similar to that of most biological molecules [18] so they can diffuse through cell membranes [19]. Nanomaterials have a toxic effect on gastropods [20].…”