The anti-aging mechanism of ginsenosides with medicine and food homology

Tian, Tiantian; Ko, Chung-Nga; Luo, Wenya; Li, Dan; Yang, Chao

doi:10.1039/d3fo02580b

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 136 publications

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“…22 The primary pharmacologically active compounds extracted from ginseng have diverse bioactive functions encompassing anti-carcinogenic, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. 23–26 Among these compounds, Ginsenoside-Rb2 (Rb2), the most abundant saponin identified in ginseng, has shown potential anti-osteoporosis effects according to a previous study. It has been reported that Rb2 inhibited osteoporosis induced by a ketogenic diet in mice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginsenoside Rb2 exhibits therapeutic value for male osteoporosis in orchiectomy mice by suppressing osteoclastogenesis and modulating NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways

Ma,

Li,

Mai

et al. 2024

Food Funct.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginsenoside Rb2 exhibits therapeutic value for male osteoporosis in orchiectomy mice by suppressing osteoclastogenesis and modulating NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways

Ma,

Li,

Mai

et al. 2024

Food Funct.

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“…TA-65, a compound containing cycloastragenol isolated from A. membranaceus roots, has been shown to increase telomerase activity in embryonic fibroblasts, inhibit DNA damage, and enhance immune function [ 22 , 23 ]. Ginseng is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine that contains ginsenosides, which are among the most important active ingredients for its anti-aging function [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rosa roxburghii Fruit Extracts Upregulate Telomerase Activity and Ameliorate Cell Replicative Senescence

Huang,

Peng,

et al. 2024

Foods

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Anti-aging functional foods benefit the elderly. Telomeres are chromosomal ends that maintain genome stability extended by telomerase catalytic subunit TERT. Due to the end-replication problem, telomeres shorten after each cell cycle without telomerase in most human cells, and eventually the cell enters the senescence stage. Natural products can attenuate the aging process by increasing telomerase activity, such as TA-65. However, TA-65 is expensive. Other Chinese natural products may achieve comparable effects. Here, we found that Rosa roxburghii fruit extracts effectively increase TERT expression and telomerase activity in cultured human mesenchymal stem cells. Both R. roxburghii fruit extracts obtained by freeze-drying and spray-drying increased the activity of telomerase. R. roxburghii fruit extracts were able to reduce reactive oxygen species levels, enhance superoxide dismutase activity, and reduce DNA damage caused by oxidative stress or radiation. R. roxburghii fruit extracts promoted cell proliferation, improved senescent cell morphology, delayed replicative cellular senescence, attenuated cell cycle suppressors, and alleviated the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Transcriptome and metabolic profiling revealed that R. roxburghii fruit extracts promote DNA replication and telomere maintenance pathways and decrease triglyceride levels. Overall, we provide a theoretical basis for the application of R. roxburghii fruit as an anti-aging product.

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How to More Effectively Obtain Ginsenoside Rg5: Understanding Pathways of Conversion

Cheng,

Luo,

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Ginsenoside Rg5, a relatively uncommon secondary ginsenoside, exhibits notable pharmacological activity and is commonly hypothesized to originate from the dehydration of Rg3. In this work, we compared different conversion pathways using Rb1, R-Rg3 and S-Rg3 as the raw material under simple acid catalysis. Interestingly, the results indicate that the conversion follows this reaction activity order Rb1 > S-Rg3 > R-Rg3, which is contrary to the common understanding of Rg5 obtained from Rg3 by dehydration. Our experimental results have been fully confirmed by theoretical calculations and a NOESY analysis. The DFT analysis reveals that the free energies of S-Rg3 and R-Rg3 in generating carbocation are 7.56 mol/L and 7.57 mol/L, respectively, which are significantly higher than the free energy of 1.81 mol/L when Rb1 generates the same carbocation. This finding aligns with experimental evidence suggesting that Rb1 is more prone to generating Rg5 than Rg3. The findings from the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis suggest that the fatty chains (C22–C27) in R-Rg3 and S-Rg3 adopt a Gauche conformation and an anti conformation with C16–C17 and C13–C17, respectively, due to the relatively weak repulsive van der Waals force. Therefore, the configuration of R-Rg3 is more conducive to the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds between 20C–OH and 12C–OH, whereas S-Rg3 lacks this capability. Consequently, this also explains the fact that S-Rg3 is more prone to dehydration to generate Rg5 than R-Rg3. Additionally, our research reveals that the synthetic route of Rg5 derived from protopanaxadiol (PPD)-type ginsenosides (including Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc and Rd) exhibits notable advantages in terms of efficacy, purity and yield when compared to the pathway originating from Rg3. Moreover, this study presents a highly effective and practical approach for the extensive synthesis of Rg5, thereby facilitating the exploration of its pharmacological properties and potential application in drug discovery.

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The anti-aging mechanism of ginsenosides with medicine and food homology

Abstract: With the acceleration of global aging and the rise in living standard, the achieving of healthy aging is becoming an imperative issue globally. Ginseng, a medicinal plant that has a...

Cited by 3 publications

References 136 publications

Ginsenoside Rb2 exhibits therapeutic value for male osteoporosis in orchiectomy mice by suppressing osteoclastogenesis and modulating NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways

Ginsenoside Rb2 exhibits therapeutic value for male osteoporosis in orchiectomy mice by suppressing osteoclastogenesis and modulating NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways

Rosa roxburghii Fruit Extracts Upregulate Telomerase Activity and Ameliorate Cell Replicative Senescence

How to More Effectively Obtain Ginsenoside Rg5: Understanding Pathways of Conversion

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