The Anti-Adiposity Mechanisms of Ampelopsin and Vine Tea Extract in High Fat Diet and Alcohol-Induced Fatty Liver Mouse Models

Abstract

Ampelopsis grossedentata (AG) is an ancient medicinal plant that is mainly distributed and used in southwest China. It exerts therapeutic effects, such as antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities, reductions in blood pressure and cholesterol and hepatoprotective effects. Researchers in China recently reported the anti-obesity effects of AG extract in diet-induced obese mice and rats. To verify these findings, we herein investigated the effects of AG extract and its principal compound, ampelopsin, in high-fat diet (HFD)- and alcohol diet-fed mice, olive oil-loaded mice, and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. The results obtained showed that AG extract and ampelopsin significantly suppressed increases in the weights of body, livers and abdominal fat and also up-regulated the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A in HFD-fed mice. In olive oil-loaded mice, AG extract and ampelopsin significantly attenuated increases in serum triglyceride (TG) levels. In differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, AG extract and ampelopsin promoted TG decomposition, which appeared to be attributed to the expression of hormone-sensitive lipase. In alcohol diet-fed mice, AG extract and ampelopsin reduced serum levels of ethanol, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and liver TG. An examination of metabolic enzyme expression patterns revealed that AG extract and ampelopsin mainly enhanced the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase and suppressed that of cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e1. In conclusion, AG extract and ampelopsin suppressed diet-induced intestinal fat accumulation and reduced the risk of fatty liver associated with HFD and alcohol consumption.

Identification of Hydroxylation Enzymes and the Metabolic Analysis of Dihydromyricetin Synthesis in Ampelopsis grossedentata

“…Its leaves contain high levels of DHM, [ 14 , 20 ] and it is used for making tea [ 13 ]. Exploring its metabolic pathway and related genes for application in foods [ 18 , 26 ] and medicines [ 17 , 19 , 20 , 27 ] was of great significance. Many studies have been performed on Ag F3H, Ag F3′H, and Ag F3′5′H in different plants, such as Reaumuria trigyna [ 28 ], Brassica rapa [ 23 ], Brunfelsia acuminata [ 12 ], and Solanum lycopersicum [ 29 ].…”

“…The young leaves and stems of A. grossedentata have been found to be rich in DHM, with a DHM content of up to 35% in young leaves [ 14 ]. As a flavonoid, DHM has good anti-inflammatory [ 15 ], antibacterial [ 16 ], anti-obesity [ 17 ], anti-oxidation [ 18 ], anti-tumor [ 19 ], and hypoglycemic effects [ 20 ], and has shown great medical and commercial values. Thus, the identification of native DHM biosynthesis pathway in A. grossedentata is essential to the development and utilization of the germplasm resources and molecular breeding.…”

A Rejuvenating treatment targeting “tech neck” lines and wrinkles in Chinese women: A prospective, open‐label, single‐center study

“…7 Neck rejuvenation is difficult and involves both surgical and non-surgical procedures which lead to patient downtime and discomfort. Dihydromyricetin 21 and methylsilanol carboxymethyl theophylline alginate 22,23 were added to target adipose tissue, and antioxidants including tocopherol and Tetrahexyldecyl (THD) Ascorbate, 24 the lipid soluble form of ascorbic acid, were added to provide antioxidant benefits. Most current neck anti-aging topical products do not utilize this multi-modal or comprehensive formulation method for treating aging of the neck.…”

“…25 Furthermore, the results from in vitro studies suggest that dihydromyricetin (also known as ampelopsin) may promote fat decomposition, as evidenced by significant decreases in the accumulation of triglycerides in 3T3-L1 adipocytes as well as significant increases in free fatty acids and glycerol release from adipose tissue treated with the compound. 21 Methylsilanol carboxymethyl theophylline alginate was also added to target adipose tissue. As a theophylline derivative, this compound can activate the triglyceride lipase enzyme to break down triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol.…”

“…THD Ascorbate also has improved stability compared with ascorbic acid 25 . Furthermore, the results from in vitro studies suggest that dihydromyricetin (also known as ampelopsin) may promote fat decomposition, as evidenced by significant decreases in the accumulation of triglycerides in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes as well as significant increases in free fatty acids and glycerol release from adipose tissue treated with the compound 21 . Methylsilanol carboxymethyl theophylline alginate was also added to target adipose tissue.…”