The anthropogenic salt cycle

Kaushal, Sujay S.; Likens, Gene E.; Mayer, Paul M.; Shatkay, Ruth R.; Shelton, Sydney A.; Grant, Stanley B.; Utz, Ryan M.; Yaculak, Alexis M.; Maas, Carly M.; Reimer, Jenna E.; Bhide, Shantanu V.; Malin, Joseph T.; Rippy, Megan A.

doi:10.1038/s43017-023-00485-y

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…This corroborates with the findings from the literature (Kaushal et al, 2005(Kaushal et al, , 2023Kelly et al, 2008;Ledford et al, 2016) that while seasonal application of road salt can impact salt-related instantaneous peak analyte concentrations, legacy buildup of road salt has a lasting impact on the watershed as it does in much of the northeastern USA.…”

Section: Varied Surface Water-groundwater Interactions Under Baseflow...supporting

confidence: 90%

Assessing impacts of cemeteries on water quality in an urban headwater watershed with mixed human‐built infrastructure

Nesheim,

Yu,

Tuttle

et al. 2024

Hydrological Processes

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Cemeteries are understudied integral components to urban watersheds, which provide ecosystem services but can also export nutrients, trace elements, and other contaminants to nearby water bodies. In this study, we focus on Meadowbrook Creek, an urban headwater stream in Syracuse, New York (USA), which has shown significant nitrate contributions from a local cemetery. We collected biweekly surface water samples over the course of 1 year from 2022 to 2023 for analysis of major and trace elemental concentrations including Na, Ca, Mg, K, F, Cl, sulfate, and nitrate. Here, we aim to assess the impact of various human infrastructures on urban stream water quality with a particular focus on the cemetery and nitrate. A comparison between the new dataset in this study and previously reported water chemistry data in Meadowbrook in 2012 suggests a decade‐long impact of road salting and the cemetery on water quality particularly with respect to Na, Cl, and nitrate. Sulfate, Mg, Ca, and K are likely mainly geogenic. Stable nitrogen isotope data, the usage of concrete or steel vaults in the cemetery in the past 50 years, and the lack of correlation between nitrate and fluoride concentrations in stream water argue against burial decay products being a major source of nitrate to the stream. Instead, other nitrate sources that exist in the cemetery such as, fertilizer, decaying plant material, and wastewater, are more viable dominant nitrate sources. In addition, nitrate loading calculations indicate that the groundwater‐connected reach, including the cemetery, acts as an annual net sink for nitrate despite the seasonally varying sink‐source patterns.

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Section: Varied Surface Water-groundwater Interactions Under Baseflow...supporting

confidence: 90%

Assessing impacts of cemeteries on water quality in an urban headwater watershed with mixed human‐built infrastructure

Nesheim,

Yu,

Tuttle

et al. 2024

Hydrological Processes

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“…This process can have natural causes or occur secondarily in irrigated agriculture; soil salinization is one of the factors exacerbating desertification [2]. Anthropogenic activities have accelerated the processes and timeframes (and increased the scale) of salt flows and altered their direction, thereby creating an anthropogenic salt cycle [3]. According to the Global Soil Salinity Map (GSASmap), currently more than 424 million hectares (over 4.4%) of upper (0-30 cm) and 833 million hectares (over 8.7%) of lower (30-100 cm) soil horizons are affected by salinization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germination and Growth Characteristics of nud Knockout and win1 Knockout Barley Lines under Salt Stress

Antonova,

Shimalina,

Korotkova

et al. 2024

Plants

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Hordeum vulgare genes NUD (HvNUD) and WIN1 (HvWIN1) play a regulatory role in cuticle organization. Because the cuticle is a key evolutionary acquisition of plants for protection against environmental factors, a knockout (KO) of each gene may alter their ability to adapt to unfavorable conditions. A potential pleiotropic effect of HvNUD or HvWIN1 gene mutations can be assessed under salt stress. Initial developmental stages are the most sensitive in living organisms; therefore, we evaluated salt tolerance of nud KO and win1 KO barley lines at the seedling stage. Air-dried barley grains of the KO lines and of a wild-type (WT) line were germinated in NaCl solutions (50, 100, or 150 mM). Over 30 physiological and morphological parameters of seedlings were assessed. Potential pleiotropic effects of the HvNUD gene KO under salt stress included the stimulation of root growth (which was lower under control conditions) and root necrosis. The pleiotropic effects of the HvWIN1 gene KO under the stressful conditions manifested themselves as maintenance of longer root length as compared to the other lines; stable variation of most of morphological parameters; lack of correlation between root lengths before and after exposure to NaCl solutions, as well as between shoot lengths; and the appearance of twins. Salt tolerance of the analyzed barley lines could be ranked as follows: nud KO > win1 KO ≈ WT, where nud KO lines were the most salt-tolerant. A comparison of effects of salinity and ionizing radiation on nud KO and win1 KO barley lines indicated differences in tolerance of the lines to these stressors.

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Metals in coastal groundwater systems under anthropogenic pressure: a synthesis of behavior, drivers, and emerging threats

McKenzie,

Moody,

Barreira

et al. 2024

Limnol Oceanogr Letters

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Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) dynamically links land‐ and ocean‐derived chemical constituents, such as metals, in the coastal ocean. While many metals are sediment‐bound, changing environmental conditions, particularly along the coast, may lead to increased release of metals to their dissolved and more bioavailable form. Here, we review metal behavior, speciation, and drivers of mobilization in the coastal environment under anthropogenic influence. We also model global metal contamination risk to the coastal ocean via SGD considering anthropogenic and hydrogeologic pressures, where tropical regions with high population density, SGD, and acid sulfate soils (4% of the global coast) present the highest risk. Although most SGD studies focus on other analytes, such as nutrients, this review demonstrates the importance of considering SGD as a critical pathway for metals to reach the coastal ocean under rapidly changing environmental conditions.

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The anthropogenic salt cycle

Cited by 8 publications

References 162 publications

Assessing impacts of cemeteries on water quality in an urban headwater watershed with mixed human‐built infrastructure

Assessing impacts of cemeteries on water quality in an urban headwater watershed with mixed human‐built infrastructure

Germination and Growth Characteristics of nud Knockout and win1 Knockout Barley Lines under Salt Stress

Metals in coastal groundwater systems under anthropogenic pressure: a synthesis of behavior, drivers, and emerging threats

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