The Anthocyanin Accumulation Related ZmBZ1, Facilitates Seedling Salinity Stress Tolerance via ROS Scavenging

Abstract

Anthocyanins are a class of antioxidants that scavenge free radicals in cells and play an important role in promoting human health and preventing many diseases. Here, we characterized a maize Bronze gene (BZ1) from the purple colored W22 introgression line, which encodes an anthocyanin 3-O-glucosyltransferase, a key enzyme in the anthocyanin synthesis pathway. Mutation of ZmBZ1 showed bronze-colored seeds and reduced anthocyanins in seeds aleurone layer, seedlings coleoptile, and stem of mature plants by comparison with purple colored W22 (WT). Furthermore, we proved that maize BZ1 is an aleurone layer-specific expressed protein and sub-located in cell nucleus. Real-time tracing of the anthocyanins in developing seeds demonstrated that the pigment was visible from 16 DAP (day after pollination) in field condition, and first deposited in the crown part then spread all over the seed. Additionally, it was transferred along with the embryo cell activity during seed germination, from aleurone layer to cotyledon and coleoptile, as confirmed by microscopy and real-time qRT-PCR. Finally, we demonstrated that the ZmBZ1 contributes to stress tolerance, especially salinity. Further study proved that ZmBZ1 participates in reactive oxygen scavenging (ROS) by accumulating anthocyanins, thereby enhancing the tolerance to abiotic stress.

Chromosome-scale genome, together with transcriptome and metabolome, provides insights into the evolution and anthocyanin biosynthesis of Rubus rosaefolius Sm. (Rosaceae)

“…Furthermore, we identified 22 structural genes, including 10 chalcone isomerase (RrCHI) genes, which belong to six families; five chalcone synthases (RrCHS) genes, which belong to four families; four bifunctional dihydroflavonol 4-reductase/flavanone 4-reductase (RrDFR) genes, which belong to three families; one flavonoid 3′-monooxygenase (RrCYP75B1) gene; one naringenin 3-dioxygenase (RrF3H) gene; and one anthocyanidin synthase (RrANS) gene ( Supplementary Data Fig. S10 ; Supplementary Dataset 10 ), which are involved in ‘flavonoid biosynthesis’ and play crucial upstream roles in anthocyanin biosynthesis [ 30 ]. Of these 33 structural genes, Rro07G000520.1 (RrBZ1), Rro04G036130.1 (RrBZ1), Rro01G021400.1 (RrF3H), Rro07G031240.1 (RrDFR), Rro04G035990.1 (RrCHS), Rro04G036130.1 (RrCHS), Rro07G006550.1 (RrCHI), and Rro05G014010.1 (RrANS) were expressed at relatively high levels in berry tissues ( Fig.…”

Genome-Wide Analysis of MYB Gene Family in Chrysanthemum ×morifolium Provides Insights into Flower Color Regulation

“…Moreover, the expression levels of these three genes were the highest among their replicators (Figure 4E). It was worth noting that the regulatory functions of MYB96 and MYB109 in anthocyanin accumulation have been reported [73,74], further suggesting their important roles in anthocyanin biosynthesis in C. ×morifolium.…”

Designing salt stress‐resilient crops: Current progress and future challenges

“…Stress‐induced ROS also inhibits maize miR408 accumulation, which increases the transcript levels of its target genes LACCASE 9 ( ZmLAC9 ) and ZmLAC18 and promotes cell wall development and salt tolerance by regulating the polymerization of lignin monomers (Qin et al, 2023). Maize BRONZE 1 ( ZmBZ1 ), encoding an anthocyanin 3‐ O ‐glucosyltransferase, enhances stress tolerance by mediating anthocyanin accumulation (Wang et al, 2022b). GDP‐mannose pyrophosphorylase (VITAMIN C 1, VTC1) is the first AsA biosynthetic enzyme in the l ‐galactose biosynthesis pathway and is modulated at both the transcriptional and post‐transcriptional levels.…”