The Anthelmintic Effect of Three Piperazine Derivatives on Ascaridia Galli (Schrank 1788)

Abstract

A CONSIDERABLE literature on the anthelmintic effects of piperazine compounds has accumulated. Since this has been reviewed in several recent papers mention is only made of publications which have a direct bearing on the subject of the present paper. Guilhon (1951) discussed the activity of piperazine against Ascaridia columbae and Capillaria columbae in pigeons. Sloan, Kingsbury and Jolly (1954) were the first British workers to report results obtained with some forty piperazine compounds. These authors described the value of piperazine in full-scale trials in horses, pigs, dogs, cats and poultry. Following closely on this publication, Leiper (1954) mentions that piperazine is effective eliminating Ascaridia and, to some extent, Capillaria and Heterakis as well. Poynter (1955a) found that piperazine adipate was an efficient anthelmintic against Parascaris equorum in horses. Lee (1955) described piperazine adipate as a safe and efficient anthelmintic against Neoascaris vitulorum when administered to calves in single doses. He noted that the activity of the compound against immature worms enhances its value. Shumard and Eveleth (1955) found piperazine citrate effective in removing Ascaridia galli. The present paper sets out the results of experiments to determine the anthelmintic activity of piperazine adipate, piperazine citrate and an equimolecular complex of piperazine and carbon disulphide (hereinafter referred to as piperazine carbon disulphide) against the larval and mature forms of Ascaridia in fowls. In the preliminary ex-periment a comparison has been made of the anthelmintic activity of the piperazine compounds with that of other substances which are, or have been, in common use against ascaridial infestations in fowls. METHODS Suspensions ofAscaridia ova were obtained from freshly-collected female worms by removing the uteri and grinding them up into a thin paste with a little distilled water. A 1:30 solution of "Milton" (Active ingredient: sodium hypochlorite 1% and sodium chloride 16.5%) was added and allowed to act for fifteen minutes after which the ova were washed free from the solution by repeated spinning in distilled water. The ova were embryonated by suspending them in about 100 ml. of 0.5 percent formalin solution in a 250 ml. Erlenmeyer flask and incubating at 30°C. for fourteen days. Embryonated ova were administered to fowls per os in numbers varying from approximately 75-110 to each chicken when the effect of a compound on adult worms was being studied.White Leghorn chickens of mixed sexes and aged from 3-6 weeks at time of infecting were used in this work. The chickens were maintained in wire-floor units until about the thirty fifth day when they were transferred to wire-floor battery cages. One or two chickens were housed in each cage. Faecal examinations were made and only chickens showing Ascaridia ova in their faeces were included in the tests. The chickens were distributed amongst the groups by selecting birds of closely ap-606 at United

DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Bucinnazine

“…Indeed, different substitutions lead to different biological activities in the piperazine substituted molecules. Piperazines were previously described to be applied as antihistaminic, anthelmintic, antidepressants, among others applications. , …”

Evaluation of in vitro methods of anthelmintic efficacy testing against Ascaridia galli

“…Against adult ascarids the therapeutic dose of PIP (100 mg/kg) is 4-fold higher than that of LEV (28 mg/kg) and up to 20-fold higher than that of BZ anthelmintics such as FBZ (5–10 mg/kg). However, PIP has been shown to have poor efficacy against immature A. galli (Leiper, 1954; Horton-Smith & Long, 1956; Alicata, 1958; Feyera et al , 2021b, et al , 2022) and this appears to extend to freshly hatched larvae in the LMIA as the likely reason for the very much higher EC 50 values observed for this anthelmintic. In summary, the current study showed that the LMIA, using artificially hatched A. galli larvae, could potentially be used for anthelmintic sensitivity studies against A. galli .…”

Effects of Hygromycin B on the Growing and Laying Performance of Chickens

“…Among these are nicotine sulfate, Bleeker (1933), Levine (1938); carbon tetrachloride, Ackert and Graham (1935); phenothiazine and nicotine-bentonite, Guthrie and Harwood (1942), Harwood and Guthrie (1944), Jaquette and Wehr (1949); piperazine and its derivatives, Olivier and Hardcastle (1943), Sloan et al (1954), Shumard and Eveleth (1955), Bradley (1955), Horton-Smith and Long (1956), Reid (1957), and Edgar et al (1957); and antibiotics, Todd (1951), Hansen et al (1953), Shumard et al (1958), Frazier (1959), Dixon et al (1959), Foster et al (1960) and Latif (1960).…”