The Anteromedial Thigh Flap as a Training Model of a Perforator Flap in Rat

Rodríguez, Andrés Mauricio Quevedo; Alvarez, Angel; Aguirrezabalaga, J.; Martelo, Francisco

doi:10.1055/s-2007-985204

Cited by 20 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…7 Preclinical training model for perforator flap dissection is typically based on living animal models, mostly swine or rat. 7,[11][12][13][14] Studies of supermicrosurgery have become increasingly widespread, focusing mostly on living animal model, aiming for preclinical training for perforator to perforator anastomosis 7,8 however, repeated training with living models is not possible because of ethical and economical constraints. Recently, a teaching approach for microsurgical training that could be a valid alternative to courses on rats has been proposed with good results on clinical applications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4] The learning curve for this technique is typically steep. [5][6][7][8][9] Preclinical training in experimental surgery laboratories is useful in reducing this learning curve and minimizing chances of errors in the clinical setting, 10 and in perforator flap harvesting is typically conducted on living animal models [11][12][13][14][15][16] however, repeated training with these models is not possible because of ethical and economical reasons. From an ethical perspective, nonliving models offer a distinct advantage in line with the ethical principle of replacement, reduction, and refinement (3Rs) of animal use for research.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Anterolateral Thigh Flap in a Chicken Model: A Novel Perforator Training Model

Costa

Cucinotta

Fazio

et al. 2019

J reconstr Microsurg

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Background Preclinical training in perforator flap harvesting is typically conducted on living animal models; however, repeated training is not possible with these models because of ethical and/or economical constraints. We describe an anterolateral thigh flap (ALT flap) training model using chicken thigh that seems to be an appropriate training model prior, for example, to raise a perforator flap in a living rat or swine model. Methods A total of 10 chicken legs were used in this study. Six chicken legs were anatomically dissected to confirm the presence of the perforator and to identify the main vascular tree. In four chicken legs, a skin flap was planned based on the perforator and intramuscular dissection was performed under magnification. Results The perforator was identified in all dissections and was consistently found 3 cm above the line extending from the patella to the head of the femur in its third proximal. Proximally, the mean diameter of the artery and vein was 0.56 (σ = 0.04) and 0.84 (σ = 0.06) mm, respectively. The mean dissection time to raise the flap was 88 (σ = 7) min. Conclusion This is the first description of a nonliving biological simulation model for training in perforator flap dissection that mimics an ALT flap. As an ex vivo chicken model, it is a cost effective and readily accessible model suitable for repeated practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anterolateral Thigh Flap in a Chicken Model: A Novel Perforator Training Model

Costa

Cucinotta

Fazio

et al. 2019

J reconstr Microsurg

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“…Swine and rat models have been described as perforator training models on living animals. [8][9][10][11][12]16 The advantages of using nonliving chicken models relies on having low cost and readily available simulation models for continuous training in the laboratory without ethical or major logistic issues. 13 Even though the chicken muscle is slightly less fibrous than the human muscle, our impression is that it achieves to replicate the feeling of dissecting the intramuscular perforator.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,8 The anteromedial thigh flap and the cranial epigastric perforator flap have been described as reliable training models for perforator flap dissection using living rats, but they have the disadvantage of considerably small diameter perforators (range, 0.1-0.3 mm). 9,10 Other perforator flaps as the deep superior epigastric artery flap, thoracodorsal artery perforator flap, and superior gluteal artery perforator flap have also been described in living porcine models. 11,12 Nonliving biological models have the advantage of being more economical and accessible than living animal models, which require dedicated research protocols, approved local and international ethical standards, and specialized facilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Perforator Flap Training Model Using a Chicken Leg

et al. 2016

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Introduction?Living animal models are frequently used for perforator flap dissection training, but no ex vivo models have been described. The aim of this study is to present a novel nonliving model for perforator flap training based on a constant perforator in the chicken leg. Methods?A total of 15 chicken legs were used in this study. Anatomical dissection of the perforator was performed after its identification using ink injection, and in four of these specimens a perforator-based flap was raised. Results?The anatomical dissection revealed a constant intramuscular perforator with a median length of 5.7 cm. Median proximal and distal vessel diameters were 0.93 and 0.4?mm, respectively. The median dissection time was 77.5 minutes. Conclusion?This study introduces a novel, affordable, and reproducible model for the intramuscular dissection of a perforator-based flap using an ex vivo animal model. Its consistent perforator and appropriate-sized vessels make it useful for training.

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“…Por otro lado, la cirugía de perforantes presenta ciertas diferencias frente a la de un colgajo libre convencional con lo que existe una curva de aprendizaje basada en un conocimiento más exhaustivo de la vascularización cutánea (2) y en una técnica quirúrgica más refinada, incluyendo la disección intramuscular del pedículo, que pueden apoyarse en el entrenamiento preclínico sobre modelos experimentales en animales (3).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Colgajo libre de perforantes de tensor de fascia lata como procedimiento de rescate de un colgajo anterolateral de muslo

Lorenzo

Lin

2009

Cir. plást. iberolatinoam.

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Palabras clave Colgajo anterolateral de muslo. Colgajo de perforantes de tensor de fascia lata, Variaciones anatómicas, Procedimientos de rescate Código numérico 1583-15832-158336 El colgajo anterolateral de muslo es uno de los colgajos más utilizados para la reconstrucción de una amplia variedad de defectos. En aproximadamente un 2% de los casos este colgajo presenta una distribución vascular considerada como difícil, lo que hace necesario plantear opciones reconstructivas alternativas intraoperatoriamente. En el presente artículo presentamos un caso clínico en el que se resolvió con éxito esta situación reconvirtiendo un colgajo de perforantes anterolateral del muslo, basado en una perforante de pequeño calibre y con una disección intramuscular muy larga, en un colgajo de perforantes de Tensor de Fascia Lata. Colgajo libre de perforantes de tensor de fascia lata como procedimiento de rescate de un colgajo anterolateral de muslo

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The Anteromedial Thigh Flap as a Training Model of a Perforator Flap in Rat

Cited by 20 publications

References 10 publications

Anterolateral Thigh Flap in a Chicken Model: A Novel Perforator Training Model

Anterolateral Thigh Flap in a Chicken Model: A Novel Perforator Training Model

A Novel Perforator Flap Training Model Using a Chicken Leg

Colgajo libre de perforantes de tensor de fascia lata como procedimiento de rescate de un colgajo anterolateral de muslo

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