The Antarctic ozone hole during 2012

Klekociuk, Andrew; Tully, Matthew B.; Krummel, P. B.; Gies, H. P.; Alexander, Simon P.; Fraser, Paul J.; Henderson, Stuart; Javorniczky, John; Petelina, S. V.; Shanklin, J. D.; Schofield, Robyn; Stone, Kane

doi:10.22499/2.6404.007

Cited by 12 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Klekociuk et al, 2014b, Figure 4), it is evident that meteorological processes have a significant impact on inter-annual variability in ozone hole metrics. For example, years of anomalously reduced ozone depletion compared with the expectation based solely on regressions against EESC were observed in 1988, 2002, 2004, 2010 and 2012; during these years, the polar vortex was anomalously disturbed, which was a key factor in inhibiting ozone depletion (Klekociuk et al, , 2014b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Ozone hole metric summary and rankings As in previous papers in this series, we evaluate specific metrics for the ozone hole using total column ozone measurements from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) series of satellite instruments and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on the Aura satellite that have been processed with the TOMS version 8.5 algorithm (see Klekociuk et al (2014b) for details). Table 1 contains the ranking for all 34 ozone holes analysed since 1979 using 8 metrics that measure the 'size' of the Antarctic ozone hole (see the notes accompanying the Table for the definition of each metric and the datasets and years considered).…”

Section: Total Column Ozone Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here we present an analysis of the Antarctic ozone hole in 2013, continuing a series of earlier papers Klekociuk et al, , 2014a that assess the characteristics and circumstances of ozone holes in specific years in relation to prevailing meteorological conditions and ODS levels. We use a range of Australian data and analyses including analyses of satellite measurements by the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Oceans and Atmosphere Flagship, ozone measurements obtained by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD) and the Bureau of Meteorology (BoM), and Antarctic ultraviolet radiation measurements from the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA) biometer network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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The Antarctic ozone hole during 2013

Klekociuk¹,

Krummel²,

Tully³

et al. 2015

AMOJ

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We review the 2013 Antarctic ozone hole, making use of various ground-based, in-situ and remotely-sensed ozone measurements, ground-based measurements of ultraviolet radiation and meteorological reanalyses. Based on analysis of 34 years of satellite records spanning 1979-2013 (which excludes 1995), we find that in terms of maximum area, minimum ozone level and total ozone deficit, the ozone hole in 2013 was typical of other years of moderate ozone loss. The estimated integrated ozone mass effectively depleted within the ozone hole of 2013 was approximately 1037 Mt, which was the 17 th largest deficit on record and 41% of the peak deficit observed in 2006. Anomalously cold winter temperatures in the lower stratosphere over Antarctica and concurrent strong and stable vortex conditions favoured the potential for strong ozone depletion in 2013. However, anomalous warming of the polar vortex that occurred from late August limited the overall severity of ozone depletion during spring, and resulted in the relatively early breakup of the ozone hole in mid-November.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Total Column Ozone Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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The Antarctic ozone hole during 2013

Klekociuk¹,

Krummel²,

Tully³

et al. 2015

AMOJ

Self Cite

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“…[43] However, from 13 flux chamber experiments on coastal salt marshes in east China (2004China ( -2005) during spring to autumn, sinks for CHCl 3 (1-3 mg m À2 h À1 ) and CCl 4 (0.1-0.3 mg m À2 h À1 ) have been found. [44] The possible effects of coastal soils and salt marshes on CH 3 Cl, CH 2 Cl, CHCl 3 and CCl 4 data at Cape Grim have been investigated. From 18 flux chamber experiments throughout 2002 on salt-affected soils (improved pasture, eucalypt and melaleuca forest soils, native grassland, tidal flats) in the vicinity of Cape Grim, emissions of CHCl 3 (1-3 mg m À2 h À1 ) were identified and a small sink for CH 3 Cl (0-1 mg m À2 h À1 ) was found, but no significant emissions (or uptake) of CH 2 Cl 2 .…”

Section: Soil and Wetland Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this in mind, we have investigated possible emissions of CH 3 Cl, CH 2 Cl 2 , CHCl 3 and CCl 4 from a domestic chlorinated swimming pool on the southern perimeter of Melbourne. [29] A dynamic flux chamber [39,45] experiment was carried out on a 30 000-L pool during March (early autumn) 2012 (Fig.…”

Section: Water Chlorinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Australian carbon tetrachloride emissions in a global context

et al. 2014

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Environmental context Carbon tetrachloride in the background atmosphere is a significant environmental concern, responsible for ~10% of observed stratospheric ozone depletion. Atmospheric concentrations of CCl4 are higher than expected from currently identified emission sources: largely residual emissions from production, transport and use. Additional sources are required to balance the expected atmospheric destruction of CCl4 and may contribute to a slower-than-expected recovery of the Antarctic ozone ‘hole’. Abstract Global (1978–2012) and Australian (1996–2011) carbon tetrachloride emissions are estimated from atmospheric observations of CCl4 using data from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) global network, in particular from Cape Grim, Tasmania. Global and Australian emissions are in decline in response to Montreal Protocol restrictions on CCl4 production and consumption for dispersive uses in the developed and developing world. However, atmospheric data-derived emissions are significantly larger than ‘bottom-up’ estimates from direct and indirect CCl4 production, CCl4 transportation and use. Australian CCl4 emissions are not a result of these sources, and the identification of the origin of Australian emissions may provide a clue to the origin of some of these ‘missing’ global sources.

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Methyl chloride from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder: First global climatology and assessment of variability in the upper troposphere and stratosphere

et al. 2013

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[1] Methyl chloride (CH 3 Cl) is by far the largest natural carrier of chlorine to the stratosphere. Its importance in stratospheric ozone chemistry is expected to increase in the coming decades as emission controls alter the relative contributions from natural and anthropogenic halogen sources. The Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on NASA's Aura satellite provides the first daily global observations of CH 3 Cl. Here we quantify the quality of the MLS version 3 CH 3 Cl data (single-profile precision of˙100 pptv; accuracy of 30-45%; vertical and horizontal resolution of 4-5 km and 450-600 km, respectively) and demonstrate their utility for scientific studies over the vertical range from 147 to 4.6 hPa. We exploit the unmatched scope of the 8 year MLS data set to investigate the spatial, seasonal, and interannual variations in the distribution of CH 3 Cl in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS). Like carbon monoxide, CH 3 Cl is a marker of pollution from biomass burning that can be lofted to the UTLS very rapidly by deep convection. The climatological seasonal cycle in CH 3 Cl reflects variability in regional fire activity and other surface sources as well as convection, and anomalous CH 3 Cl enhancements in the tropical upper troposphere are linked to specific episodes of intense burning. Methyl chloride is shown to be very useful as a tracer of large-scale dynamical processes, such as diabatic descent inside the stratospheric winter polar vortices, quasi-isentropic cross-tropopause transport associated with the summer monsoon circulations, and effects related to the quasi-biennial oscillation and the tropical "tape recorder".

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The Antarctic ozone hole during 2012

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

The Antarctic ozone hole during 2013

The Antarctic ozone hole during 2013

Australian carbon tetrachloride emissions in a global context

Methyl chloride from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder: First global climatology and assessment of variability in the upper troposphere and stratosphere

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