The anomalous sea‐ice extent in Hudson bay, Baffin bay and the Labrador sea during three simultaneous NAO and ENSO episodes

Mysak, Lawrence A.; Ingram, R. Grant; Wang, J.; Baaren, A. van der

doi:10.1080/07055900.1996.9649567

Cited by 104 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Thus, the extended time series provides support that the recent increasing trend in ice-free season on Hudson Bay is not attributable to lowfrequency climate oscillations of a periodicity below 68 years. We do recognize that climate oscillations of shorter duration, ENSO (El Nino/Southern Oscillation) and NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) have been detected in the Hudson Bay sea ice, temperature, and river discharge data (Wang et al, 1994;Mysak et al, 1996;Déry and Wood, 2004;Gough et al, 2004a;Déry et al, 2005). Of particular interest to this work is the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO), which has a cycle of approximately 30 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

East-West Asymmetry in Coastal Temperatures of Hudson Bay as a Proxy for Sea Ice

McGovern¹,

Gough²

2015

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. Hudson Bay experiences a complete cryogenic cycle, which has been well documented since 1971. We developed a temperature proxy method to extend the sea ice record back to 1944, using mean temperatures for Churchill and Inukjuak and the difference between these means at two different seasonal periods. This method proved to reproduce the 1971 to 2011 ice-free season length record with an error just over eight days (6%). This relationship was used to hindcast ice-free season length to 1944. This hindcast was subsequently appended to the existing 1971-2011 record to form a 68-year sea ice record. This extended record shows that the recent statistically significant increase in length of the ice-free season was not the result of a natural oscillation of less than 68 years and is consistent with a net warming due to increasing greenhouse gases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

East-West Asymmetry in Coastal Temperatures of Hudson Bay as a Proxy for Sea Ice

McGovern¹,

Gough²

2015

ARCTIC

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“…The SICs surrounding Greenland are greatly affected by surface air temperatures and large-scale atmospheric circulation. The dominant pattern associated with winter sea ice variability resembles the winter NAO (Wang et al, 1994;Mysak et al, 1996;Deser et al, 2000;Strong, 2012). The recent decreases in sea ice may be related to the increase in Greenland ice sheet melt and warming surface air temperatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of winter and summer atmospheric circulation on the variability of temperature and sea ice around Greenland

Ogi

Rysgaard

Barber

2016

Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography

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A B S T R A C T Most peripheral seas of the Arctic Ocean have seen a pronounced rise in sea surface temperatures in the past century, and this signature of Arctic amplification in proximity to the land suggests that the observed marine and terrestrial changes might be connected to each other. Using in situ observations of temperature from nine coastal meteorological stations around Greenland (GrSTs) and remotely sensed fields of sea ice extent (SIE), we examine the interannual variations of surface air temperature (T2m) and sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies associated with the GrSTs and SIEs surrounding Greenland, specifically within Baffin Bay, the Greenland Sea and KaraBarents Seas. During winter, the interannual variation in T2m and SLP of the west and south coasts of GrSTs and the Baffin Bay SIE are different from that of the east coast of GrSTs and the SIEs in the Greenland Sea and Kara-Barents Seas. The GrSTs on the west and south coasts of Greenland and the Baffin Bay SIE are associated with the T2m anomalies over Baffin Bay and Davis Strait. The winter SLP patterns associated with these GrSTs and SIEs show positive anomalies over the Arctic and negative anomalies over the North Atlantic with a largescale atmospheric circulation such as the winter NAO. On the contrary, the east coast of GrSTs and the SIEs in the Greenland Sea and Kara-Barents Seas are correlated with the T2m anomalies over the Greenland Sea and Barents Sea. The surface wind pattern associated with the SIEs in the Greenland Sea and Kara-Barents Seas has a cyclonic circulation in the Greenland Sea and Barents Sea. At the local scale the cyclonic circulation could induce negative SIE anomalies and contribute to increasing open water in the Greenland Sea and Barents Sea. The effect of the loss of sea ice and the heat from the open ocean warming to the atmosphere may influence the GrSTs in the east coast of Greenland. As a result, the T2m pattern associated with the GrSTs in the east coast of Greenland is similar to the pattern of the SIEs in the Greenland Sea and Kara-Barents Seas. During summer, the T2m anomalies associated with all GrSTs and SIEs have positive anomalies over mid-latitudes. The two times series of all GrSTs and SIEs fluctuate quickly and display large trends towards warming temperatures and decreasing SIE. The summer SLP associated with all GrSTs and SIEs are characterised by a seesaw pattern between positive anomalies over the Arctic and negative anomalies over mid-latitudes. The summer SLP anomalies are similar to the summer AO pattern, and it is noteworthy that the summer anticyclonic circulation over the Arctic and Greenland has contributed to the variability and trends in both summer GrSTs and SIEs.

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“…The decrease in salinity was attributed by several investigators [e.g., Dickson et al, 1996;Mysak et al, 1996] to the Fram Strait ice export and intense northerlies in the Greenland Sea associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation which brought a vast quantity of fresh polar water into the Labrador Sea. The high stratification associated with the freshening can reduce vertical mixing and hence prohibit the formation of a deep mixed layer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A modeling study of upper ocean winter processes in the Labrador Sea

Tang¹,

Gui²,

DeTracey³

1999

J. Geophys. Res.

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These studies point to the importance of understanding the processes involving heat and water/salt transfer between the atmosphere, sea ice, and the upper ocean in the Labrador Sea.In this paper, we conduct a modeling study of several winter processes in the upper ocean which are important to climate change study of the subarctic North Atlantic. From the model results, we hope to gain a better understanding of the factors that control the processes. Three aspects of air-ice-ocean interaction in the Labrador Sea will be addressed in particular: (1) the surface mixed layer, (2) salinity effects, and (3)

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The anomalous sea‐ice extent in Hudson bay, Baffin bay and the Labrador sea during three simultaneous NAO and ENSO episodes

Cited by 104 publications

References 40 publications

East-West Asymmetry in Coastal Temperatures of Hudson Bay as a Proxy for Sea Ice

East-West Asymmetry in Coastal Temperatures of Hudson Bay as a Proxy for Sea Ice

The influence of winter and summer atmospheric circulation on the variability of temperature and sea ice around Greenland

A modeling study of upper ocean winter processes in the Labrador Sea

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