The Anomalous Rainfall of the 1957-58 Winter in the Equatorial Central Pacific Arid Area

Ichiye, Takashi; Petersen, Joseph R.

doi:10.2151/jmsj1923.41.3_172

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…The ENSO warm phase corresponds to anomalously low pressure and high surface water temperatures over the eastern Pacific. Associated tropical phenomena include weakening or reversal of the easterly trade winds [ Ichiye and Petersen , 1963], increases in tropical tropospheric temperature [ Horel and Wallace , 1981; Yulaeva and Wallace , 1994; Sobel et al , 2002], water vapor mass, and precipitation intensity [ Soden , 2000]. An ENSO‐related intensification and equatorward displacement of the mid‐ to upper‐tropospheric circulation over the NH eastern Pacific has been detected in upper tropospheric wind speed [ Arkin , 1982; Rasmusson and Mo , 1993; Yang et al , 2002], middle and upper tropospheric geopotential height topography [ Horel and Wallace , 1981; Hastenrath , 2003], storm tracks [ Chen and Van den Dool , 1999], second order statistics indicative of storm track regimes [ Straus and Shukla , 1997], and the circumpolar vortex [ Angell and Korshover , 1985; Frauenfeld and Davis , 2000; Angell , 2001].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in the altitude of fast upper tropospheric winds over the Northern Hemisphere during winter

Strong

Davis

2006

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] The surface of maximum wind (SMW) is used as a frame for examining spatial and temporal variability in the vertical position of fast upper tropospheric winds over the Northern Hemisphere during winter. At a given observation time in a gridded data set, the SMW is defined as the surface passing through the fastest analyzed wind above each grid node, with a vertical search domain restricted to the upper troposphere and any tropospheric jet streams extending into the lower stratosphere. Documenting how SMW pressure varies spatially and temporally guides the operational and climatological analysis of tropospheric jet streams and enables more informed interpretation of isobaric wind speed signals (i.e., isobaric speed variability can be caused by both jet core pressure changes and jet core speed changes). Using six-hourly Northern Hemisphere (NH) NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data from 1958 to 2004, the mean three-dimensional structure of the NH SMW is mapped for winter, and vertical cross sections are used to show the position of the SMW relative to the mean isotachs, the mean lapse-rate tropopause, and the mean dynamic tropopause. The Arctic Oscillation (AO) and El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are identified as the leading contributors to SMW pressure variability over the NH using principal components analysis. During the AO positive phase, mean SMW pressures are decreased at high latitudes and increased at middle and subtropical latitudes. The SMW response to the AO is elliptical with the centers of pressure change displaced more equatorward over Asia and the Atlantic. During the warm phase of ENSO, eastward expansion and strengthening of the Pacific jet stream is associated with SMW pressures up to 27 hPa lower near 30°N. The relatively low SMW pressures of the east Pacific SMW are flanked, during the warm phase of ENSO, by slower upper tropospheric winds and higher SMW pressures near the equator and the Gulf of Alaska.Citation: Strong, C., and R. E. Davis (2006), Variability in the altitude of fast upper tropospheric winds over the Northern Hemisphere during winter,

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in the altitude of fast upper tropospheric winds over the Northern Hemisphere during winter

Strong

Davis

2006

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Anomalies in sea surface temperature and precipitation are the two dominant ENSO signals (Ichiye and Peterson, 1963;Bradley et al, 1987). The maximum effective zone of ENSO on sea surface temperature is located between the central and eastern equatorial Paci®c and between 10°N and 10°S (Newell and Weare, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluctuation in abundance of larval anchovy and environmental conditions in coastal waters off south‐western Taiwan as associated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation

Tsai

Chen

et al. 1998

Fisheries Oceanography

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Monthly abundance (CPUE) of larval anchovy in the coastal waters off south‐western Taiwan from 1980 to 1992 (156 months) fluctuated at intervals corresponding to the 4.3‐ and 2.2‐year cycles of the southern oscillation index (SOI). Also, CPUE was significantly correlated with sea surface temperature with a time lag of 3 months and nearly significantly to river flow with a time lag of 4 months, which in turn correlated with SOI at lags of 13–14 months (cross‐correlation and transfer function analyses). The results suggested the presence of linkage between recruitment of the larvae and ENSO episodes, perhaps through oceanographic and meteorological conditions that affect coastal upwelling and river discharge. The Kuroshio Current, which is the western extension of the North Equatorial Current, may be one of the important mechanisms of ENSO's teleconnections affecting local climate and fisheries in the western Pacific region.

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“…2 enhanced transport of warm water within the Northequatorial Counter Current (Wyrtki, 1973); (d) the propagation of a positive SST anomaly to the west within the Central and Eastern Pacific (Wells, 1979); (e) the merging of the ITCZ and the Southpacific Convergence Zone in the vicinity of the dateline (Trenberth, 1976), causing the Indonesian low to shift its position into that area (Ichiye and Pettersen, 1963).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teleconnections of rainfall anomalies and of the Southern Oscillation over the entire tropics and their seasonal dependence

BEHREND

1987

Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography

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June 19, 1986) ABSTRACT The teleconnections between rainfall anomalies of selected areas within the tropics to each other are investigated with respect to their seasonal dependence, employing a cross correlation analysis technique. They are related to the Southern Oscillation. The magnitude and phase of these rainfall anomalies are computed for a typical El Nifio event using a so-called composite analysis. Rainfall anomalies persist for almost an entire year over the islands of the equatorial Central Pacific, whereas over most areas in and around the tropical Indian and Pacific Ocean, they only tend to persist for a season or two. Seasons during which rainfall anomalies are most persistent (in a particular region) are also seasons, during which teleconnections between rainfall anomalies of these regions to each other are strongest. The Southern Oscillation is negative-correlated with the majority of the rainfall anomalies except for those from India, Indonesia, Hawaii and the Northcoast of Venezuela. The rainfall anomalies calculated for a typical El Nifio event fit into this general scheme of teleconnections.

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The Anomalous Rainfall of the 1957-58 Winter in the Equatorial Central Pacific Arid Area

Abstract: During the 1957-58 winter,

Cited by 18 publications

References 3 publications

Variability in the altitude of fast upper tropospheric winds over the Northern Hemisphere during winter

Variability in the altitude of fast upper tropospheric winds over the Northern Hemisphere during winter

Fluctuation in abundance of larval anchovy and environmental conditions in coastal waters off south‐western Taiwan as associated with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation

Teleconnections of rainfall anomalies and of the Southern Oscillation over the entire tropics and their seasonal dependence

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