The anomalous distribution of body water under an alkaline osmotic stress in hypothyroid dogs

Dorr, Darrold L.; Wolf, Matthew B.; Maloney, James V.; DeLand, Edward Charles

doi:10.1016/0022-4804(69)90120-6

Cited by 3 publications

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“…However, this result is expected because the slope of the steep portion of the interstitial 7). Figure 6, bottom, shows the experimental results for hyperosmotic infusions of NaHCO 3 by Bradham et al (7), Dörr et al (14), and Onarheim (30), black, light-grey, and hatched-bars, respectively. Results of these studies indicate cell dehydration and resultant increases in V ECW and V P , leading to a decreased Hct.…”

Section: Acid-base Consequences Of Kmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This value was chosen because it is the effective value for histidine side chains on imidazole groups of myoglobin, a major protein in skeletal muscle. These details represent assumption 14. These details could change later if more detailed experimental data becomes available.…”

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A major shortcoming of our previous IPE model (39) was that the modelpredicted changes in compartmental volumes were never fully validated. To address this fault, the volume predictions were compared with the measurements of Bradham et al (7) and Dörr et al (14) in anesthetized, nephrectomized and splenectomized dogs and those of Onarheim (30). Bradham et al (7) and Dörr et al (14) measured hematocrit (Hct), the volume of erythrocytes (V E ) using 51 Cr-tagged cells, plasma volume (V P ) calculated from V E and Hct values using an assumed F cell value of 0.88 (ratio of large-vessel to whole body hematocrits), extracellular water (V ECW ) using 14 C-sucrose or 35 S, and the volume of other cells (V C ) calculated as the difference between total body water (TW), measured with H 3OH, and V ECW .…”

Section: In Vivo Studies (To Validate Cell Buffering Properties)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address this fault, the volume predictions were compared with the measurements of Bradham et al (7) and Dörr et al (14) in anesthetized, nephrectomized and splenectomized dogs and those of Onarheim (30). Bradham et al (7) and Dörr et al (14) measured hematocrit (Hct), the volume of erythrocytes (V E ) using 51 Cr-tagged cells, plasma volume (V P ) calculated from V E and Hct values using an assumed F cell value of 0.88 (ratio of large-vessel to whole body hematocrits), extracellular water (V ECW ) using 14 C-sucrose or 35 S, and the volume of other cells (V C ) calculated as the difference between total body water (TW), measured with H 3OH, and V ECW . These measurements were made for a sham infusion (n ϭ 7) before and after infusion of either 20 ml/kg of isotonic (0.154 M) NaCl solution (n ϭ 5), 10 ml/kg of 0.892 M NaCl (n ϭ 5), or 10 ml/kg of 0.892 M NaHCO3 (N ϭ 5), except Dörr et al (7) only infused NaHCO3 (n ϭ 9).…”

Section: In Vivo Studies (To Validate Cell Buffering Properties)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because a prime intent of the model was to predict the effects of crystalloid fluid infusions over a 2-3 h period, it was decided to assume that normal values were similar to the minimum values determined using 14 C-sucrose (17) Hence, a correction factor of 0.755 was applied to the V ECW0 values estimated above. In the model, normal cell volume (V C0 ) was taken as the difference between V TW0 and V ECW0 , which is likely to be an overestimate due to ignoring the smaller amounts of fluids in connective tissue, etc.…”

Section: Estimates Of Normal Body-compartment Volumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Whole body acid-base and fluid-electrolyte balance: a mathematical model

Wolf

2013

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

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Wolf MB. Whole body acid-base and fluid-electrolyte balance: a mathematical model. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 305: F1118-F1131, 2013. First published July 24, 2013 doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00195.2013.-A cellular compartment was added to our previous mathematical model of steady-state acid-base and fluid-electrolyte chemistry to gain further understanding and aid diagnosis of complex disorders involving cellular involvement in critically ill patients. An important hypothesis to be validated was that the thermodynamic, standard free-energy of cellular H ϩ and Na ϩ pumps remained constant under all conditions. In addition, a hydrostatic-osmotic pressure balance was assumed to describe fluid exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid, including incorporation of compliance curves of vascular and interstitial spaces. The description of the cellular compartment was validated by close comparison of measured and model-predicted cellular pH and electrolyte changes in vitro and in vivo. The new description of plasma-interstitial fluid exchange was validated using measured changes in fluid volumes after isoosmotic and hyperosmotic fluid infusions of NaCl and NaHCO 3. The validated model was used to explain the role of cells in the mechanism of saline or dilutional acidosis and acid-base effects of acidic or basic fluid infusions and the acid-base disorder due to potassium depletion. A module was created that would allow users, who do not possess the software, to determine, for free, the results of fluid infusions and urinary losses of water and solutes to the whole body. mathematical model; acid-base balance; fluid and electrolyte balance; potassium depletion; saline acidosis A TRUE UNDERSTANDING OF THE physiological effects of disease processes and attendant fluid infusions and losses requires consideration of the distribution of water, protein, electrolytes, and electrically neutral solutes among all the body fluids. Many simple analytical solutions to subsets of this physicochemical problem have been used since the time of Henderson (22), but they have yielded only limited understanding.Recently, Wolf and DeLand (39) developed a model of the steady-state water and electrolyte exchanges between interstitial fluid (I), plasma (P), and erythrocytes (E). They showed (38) that their model could be used along with laboratory blood-chemistry values to predict both the abnormal fluid and electrolyte distribution and acid-base status in critically ill patients. However, the lack of a cellular compartment limited this tool to the study of disease processes lacking significant osmolarity changes. Another shortcoming was an incomplete description of the forces moving water between plasma and interstitial fluid.Hence, the aims of the present study were to expand and modify the previous IPE model (39) by 1) adding a parenchymal cell compartment, 2) incorporating a more explicit description of the forces leading to plasma-interstitial water distribution, 3) providing much more extensive validation of both water and electrolyte distrib...

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Section: Acid-base Consequences Of Kmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Vivo Studies (To Validate Cell Buffering Properties)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Vivo Studies (To Validate Cell Buffering Properties)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Estimates Of Normal Body-compartment Volumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Whole body acid-base and fluid-electrolyte balance: a mathematical model

Wolf

2013

American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology

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Myoelectrical and mechanical activity of stomach and intestine in hypothyroid dogs

Kowalewski

Kolodej

1977

Digest Dis Sci

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Myoelectrical activity was studied in normothyroid and hypothyroid Labrador dogs in the resting state, following injection of pentagastrin, bethanechol chloride, and after feeding. Hypothyroidism was produced by total thyroidectomy and chronic treatment with thiouracil. Electrodes were surgically implanted over the serosa of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, and ileum and used for repeated recording of myoelectrical activity of gastrointestinal muscles. A strain gauge was implanted over the gastric antrum and served to record mechanical activity of the stomach. As compared with control dogs, hypothyroid animals showed (a) decreased frequency of electrical control activity of the stomach and jejunum, (b) decreased occurrence of electrical response activity (spike potentials) following stimulation, and (c) decreased mechanical response to the same stimulants, ie, pentagastrin, bethanechol chloride, and food.

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