The anodic polarization of titanium in halide solutions

Dugdale, I.; Cotton, J.B.

doi:10.1016/0010-938x(64)90041-1

Cited by 99 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The good corrosion behavior of the materials is based on spontaneous formation of a highly protective TiO 2 passive film on the surface. In contrast to many other technologically important metallic materials, passive Ti is not especially prone to localized corrosion (e.g., pitting attack) in Cl Ϫ -containing solutions; [1][2][3][4] that is, stable pitting corrosion of titanium takes place in Cl Ϫ -containing solutions only at potentials above 10 V, this potential range of course being well above the natural redox potentials prevailing in the body. It has been reported recently that metastable pitting events of Ti and Ti alloys can occur in the passive region of the materials in Ringer's phys-iological solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of surface self‐modification in Ringer's solution on the passive behavior of titanium

Alkhateeb

Virtanen

2005

J Biomedical Materials Res

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The influence of the spontaneous surface modification of titanium by exposure to Ringer's solution at open-circuit conditions on the passive behavior was studied. The electrochemical behavior of Ti was compared in a simple NaCl and in Ringer's physiological solution. Potentiodynamic polarization curves show significantly higher passive current densities in Ringer's solution as compared with the simple saline solution. Furthermore, impedance spectra measured at the open-circuit potential as a function of time indicate that in saline solution a long-term exposure over some days leads to a strong increase of the protectiveness of the passive film. This improvement of the passive behavior cannot be observed in Ringer's solution, but a strong modification of the passive film/electrolyte interface can be seen in the impedance spectra. The changes in the impedance spectra can be correlated with the results observed by surface characterization regarding the morphology (scanning electron microscopy) and chemical composition of the surface (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). In agreement with previous work by others, a spontaneous modification of the surface of Ti by Ca and P species was observed. The composition of the Ca/P precipitates changes as a function of time, indicating a slow formation of a hydroxyapatite-like deposit layer on the surface. The results of the present work indicate that the formation of the outer Ca-P deposit layer on the passive Ti surface (which is beneficial for the biological performance) hinders the normal aging of the passive TiO(2). Even though the protectiveness of the passive film can be considered as high also in Ringer's solution, significantly higher passive dissolution rates (i.e., higher metal-ion release) for Ti exposed to Ringer's solution can be expected as compared with a simple saline solution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of surface self‐modification in Ringer's solution on the passive behavior of titanium

Alkhateeb

Virtanen

2005

J Biomedical Materials Res

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“…This system was chosen because oxide breakdown occurs at significantly lower potentials in Br -solutions (≤ 5 V) [237] than for example in Cl -solutions (≥ 10 V) [238]. The substrate is biased at a potential where Br 2 is generated at areas of the Ti.TiO 2 surface which show higher electrochemical activity.…”

Section: Investigation Of Precursor Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Localized Catalytic and Electrocatalytic Processes and Corrosion Reactions with Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM)

Pust¹,

Maier²,

Wittstock³

2008

Zeitschrift Für Physikalische Chemie

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Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) . Catalytic Electrodes .Electrochemical Energy Conversion . Fuel Cells . Oxygen Reduction Reaction . CorrosionScanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) has developed into a very versatile tool for the investigation of solid-liquid, liquid-liquid and liquid-gas interfaces. The arrangement of an ultramicroelectrode (UME) in close proximity to the interface under study allows the application of a large variety of different experimental schemes. The most important have been named feedback mode, generation-collection mode, redox competition mode and direct mode. Quantitative descriptions are available for the UME signal, depending on different sample properties and experimental variables. Therefore, SECM has been established as an indispensible tool in many areas of fundamental electrochemical research. Currently, it also spreads as an important new method to solve more applied problems, in which inhomogeneous current distributions are typically observed on different length scales. Prominent examples include devices for electrochemical energy conversion such as fuel cells and batteries as well as localized corrosion phenomena. However, the direct local investigation of such systems is often impossible. Instead, suitable reaction schemes, sample environments, model samples and even new operation modes have to be introduced in order to obtain results that are relevant to the practical application. This review outlines and compares the theoretical basis of the different SECM working modes and reviews the application in the area of electrochemical energy conversion and localized

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“…No pitting was detected in the investigated potential region independent of the electrolyte used, which is in agreement with findings by many others reporting that pitting of titanium in chloride containing solutions only takes place at much higher voltages. 17 Oxidation peaks were measured at potentials above 1500 mV (SCE), which may be caused by oxidation of species in the electrolyte (e.g., Cl À ).…”

Section: Anodized Titaniummentioning

confidence: 99%

Anodized titanium and stainless steel in contact with CFRP: An electrochemical approach considering galvanic corrosion

Mueller

Tognini²,

Mayer³

et al. 2007

J Biomedical Materials Res

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The combination of different materials in an implant gives the opportunity to better fulfill the requirements that are needed to improve the healing process. However, using different materials increases the risk of galvanic coupling corrosion. In this study, coupling effects of gold-anodized titanium, stainless steel for biomedical applications, carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFRP), and CFRP containing tantalum fibers are investigated electrochemically and by long-term immersion experiments in simulated body fluid (SBF). Potentiodynamic polarization experiments (i/E curves) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of the separated materials showed a passive behavior of the metallic samples. Anodized titanium showed no corrosion attacks, whereas stainless steel is highly susceptibility for localized corrosion. On the other side, an active dissolution behavior of both of the CFRPs in the given environment could be determined, leading to delaminating of the carbon fibers from the matrix. Long-term immersion experiments were carried out using a set-up especially developed to simulate coupling conditions of a point contact fixator system (PC-Fix) in a biological environment. Electrochemical data were acquired in situ during the whole immersion time. The results of the immersion experiments correlate with the findings of the electrochemical investigation. Localized corrosion attacks were found on stainless steel, whereas anodized titanium showed no corrosion attacks. No significant differences between the two CFRP types could be found. Galvanic coupling corrosion in combination with crevice conditions and possible corrosion mechanisms are discussed.

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The anodic polarization of titanium in halide solutions

Cited by 99 publications

References 6 publications

Influence of surface self‐modification in Ringer's solution on the passive behavior of titanium

Influence of surface self‐modification in Ringer's solution on the passive behavior of titanium

Investigation of Localized Catalytic and Electrocatalytic Processes and Corrosion Reactions with Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM)

Anodized titanium and stainless steel in contact with CFRP: An electrochemical approach considering galvanic corrosion

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