The Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), Gut Microbiota, and Cardiovascular Health

Andrade, João Marcus Oliveira; Lelis, Deborah de Farias; Mafra, Valéria; Cota, Júnio

doi:10.2174/0929866524666170728145333

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…Second, adverse intrauterine conditions can disturb the gut microbial balance, resulting in subsequent adverse offspring outcomes, including hypertension [139]. Prior research showed that ACE2 exerts a non-catalytic role in gut biology and modulates gut microbiota composition [140]. As dysbiosis of the gut microbiome has been linked to hypertension by modulating the gut RAAS [141], these findings suggested there might be a relationship between gut microbiota and the RAAS underlying the pathogenesis of renal programming, although this remains speculative.…”

Section: Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System to Prevent Hypertension and Kidney Disease of Developmental Origins

Hsu

Tain

2021

IJMS

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The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is implicated in hypertension and kidney disease. The developing kidney can be programmed by various early-life insults by so-called renal programming, resulting in hypertension and kidney disease in adulthood. This theory is known as developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). Conversely, early RAAS-based interventions could reverse program processes to prevent a disease from occurring by so-called reprogramming. In the current review, we mainly summarize (1) the current knowledge on the RAAS implicated in renal programming; (2) current evidence supporting the connections between the aberrant RAAS and other mechanisms behind renal programming, such as oxidative stress, nitric oxide deficiency, epigenetic regulation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis; and (3) an overview of how RAAS-based reprogramming interventions may prevent hypertension and kidney disease of developmental origins. To accelerate the transition of RAAS-based interventions for prevention of hypertension and kidney disease, an extended comprehension of the RAAS implicated in renal programming is needed, as well as a greater focus on further clinical translation.

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Section: Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeting the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System to Prevent Hypertension and Kidney Disease of Developmental Origins

Hsu

Tain

2021

IJMS

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“…Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a homologue of ACE, converts ANG II to ANG-(1–7) that negatively regulates the RAS [ 90 ]. Via regulation of intestinal amino acid transport, previous research showed that ACE2 plays a crucial non-catalytic role in gut biology and modulation of gut microbiota [ 91 ]. One previous study reported that administration with the ACE2 activator or with ANG-(1–7) during pregnancy could alleviate cardiovascular dysfunction in adult SHR offspring [ 92 ].…”

Section: Implications Of Gut Microbiota In the Developmental Origins Of Cvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Diseases of Developmental Origins: Preventive Aspects of Gut Microbiota-Targeted Therapy

et al. 2021

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) can originate from early life. Accumulating evidence suggests that gut microbiota in early life is linked to CVDs in later life. Gut microbiota-targeted therapy has gained significant importance in recent decades for its health-promoting role in the prevention (rather than just treatment) of CVDs. Thus far, available gut microbiota-based treatment modalities used as reprogramming interventions include probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics. The purpose of this review is, first, to highlight current studies that link dysbiotic gut microbiota to the developmental origins of CVD. This is followed by a summary of the connections between the gut microbiota and CVD behind cardiovascular programming, such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and their receptors, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), uremic toxins, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). This review also presents an overview of how gut microbiota-targeted reprogramming interventions can prevent the developmental origins of CVD from animal studies. Overall, this review reveals that recent advances in gut microbiota-targeted therapy might provide the answers to reduce the global burden of CVDs. Still, additional studies will be needed to put research findings into practice.

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“…ACE2 was discovered as a homologue of ACE in 2000 39 , 40 . It plays a physiological and pathological role in cardiovascular, renal, intestinal and respiratory systems 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 . ACE2 is a type I transmembrane protein, which consists of 805 amino acids with an extracellular N-terminal domain and a short intracellular C-terminal tail ( Fig.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Ace2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2): SARS-CoV-2 receptor and RAS modulator

Bian

2021

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B

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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was rapidly identified as the critical functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2. ACE2 is well-known as a counter-regulator of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and plays a key role in the cardiovascular system. Given that ACE2 functions as both a SARS-CoV-2 receptor and a RAS modulator, the treatment for COVID-19 presents a dilemma of how to limit virus entry but protect ACE2 physiological functions. Thus, an in-depth summary of the recent progress of ACE2 research and its relationship to the virus is urgently needed to provide possible solution to the dilemma. Here, we summarize the complexity and interplay between the coronavirus, ACE2 and RAS (including anti-RAS drugs). We propose five novel working modes for functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2 infection and the routes of ACE2-mediated virus entering host cells, as well as its regulatory mechanism. For the controversy of anti-RAS drugs application, we also give theoretical analysis and discussed for drug application. These will contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex mechanisms of underlying the relationship between the virus and ACE2, and provide guidance for virus intervention strategies.

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The Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), Gut Microbiota, and Cardiovascular Health

Abstract: The association between RAS and gut microbiota seems to have a strong influence on the genesis of cardiovascular diseases, through direct mechanisms, such as nerve stimulation, or indirectly on metabolic parameters, such as weight, adiposity and lipid profile.

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

Targeting the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System to Prevent Hypertension and Kidney Disease of Developmental Origins

Targeting the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System to Prevent Hypertension and Kidney Disease of Developmental Origins

Cardiovascular Diseases of Developmental Origins: Preventive Aspects of Gut Microbiota-Targeted Therapy

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2): SARS-CoV-2 receptor and RAS modulator

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