The anesthesiologist’s guide to swine trauma physiology research: a report of two decades of experience from the experimental traumatology laboratory

Abstract

Purpose Swine are one of the major animal species used in translational research, with unique advantages given the similar anatomic and physiologic characteristics as man, but the investigator needs to be familiar with important differences. This article targets clinical anesthesiologists who are proficient in human monitoring. We summarize our experience during the last two decades, with the aim to facilitate for clinical and non-clinical researchers to improve in porcine research. Methods This was a retrospective review of 337 swine with a mean (SD) weight 60 (4.2) kg at the Experimental Traumatology laboratory at Södersjukhuset (Stockholm south general hospital) between 2003 and 2023, including laboratory parameters and six CT-angiography examinations. Results Swine may be ventilated through the snout using a size 2 neonatal mask. Intubate using a 35 cm miller laryngoscope and an intubating introducer. Swine are prone to alveolar atelectasis and often require alveolar recruitment. Insert PA-catheters through a cut-down technique in the internal jugular vein, and catheters in arteries and veins using combined cut-down and Seldinger techniques. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is possible and lateral chest compressions are most effective. Swine are prone to lethal ventricular arrhythmias, which may be reversed by defibrillation. Most vital parameters are similar to man, with the exception of a higher core temperature, higher buffer bases and increased coagulation. Anesthesia methods are similar to man, but swine require five times the dose of ketamine. Conclusion Swine share anatomical and physiological features with man, which allows for seamless utilization of clinical monitoring equipment, medication, and physiological considerations.