The Ancient Nālandā Mahāvihāra: The Beginning of Institutional Education

Kumar, Pintu

doi:10.18848/1835-2030/cgp/v04i01/56731

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The library was destroyed in the fire set to engulf the enemy's fleet by Caeser's army. 6 Another important source of ancient knowledge, the library of Nalanda university, India considered by historians to be the world's first residential university 7 and among the greatest centres of learning in the ancient world, which existed from 427 until 1197 CE was burnt down by Muhammad Bakhtiyār Khaljī in 1200 CE. 8 Reviewing the Hippocratic period shows that during his period, he brought the concept of classification of diseases as acute, chronic, epidemic and pandemic (etc.).…”

Section: • Evolution Of Concepts Of Ecmo • Birth and Evolution Of Ecmomentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of ECMO

Pooboni¹

2023

Indian Journal of ECMO

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ECMO (Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation), synonymously known as ECLS (Extra Corporeal Life Assist) has been proven to be helpful in saving the lives of patients who have been critically unwell due to reversible, cardio-pulmonary failure. The knowledge and the scientific discoveries leading to the successful trials of ECMO happened over centuries. It is interesting to note how the beliefs and superstitions were replaced by proven, scientific data over millennia before we reached the latest era of working with bio-compatible materials. Medical History has always been interesting. In this review article, I will briefly summarise the evolution of Medicine in different periods as the foundations were laid in this period. I will narrate further concepts about the development of ECMO technology over a period of four centuries in part 2. Lastly, in Part 3, I will describe the birth and evolution of ECMO as a science and the perfection of the components of ECMO.

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Section: • Evolution Of Concepts Of Ecmo • Birth and Evolution Of Ecmomentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of ECMO

Pooboni¹

2023

Indian Journal of ECMO

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“…This was also the form of the Muslim-Buddhist clash that occurred when General Muhammad Bakhtiyar Khalji led attacks on Bihar around 1197 AD and 1206 AD. The implications of this conquest are, according to Kumar (2011) and Scharfe (2002), causing three important areas of Buddhism to be affected, especially Nalanda, Vikramasila and Odantapuri, which in turn led to the closure of Nalanda University in 1202 AD as well as the disappearance of Buddhist influence in India. The monks were either killed or expelled (Wink 2010).…”

Section: Delhi Sultanate (1206-1526)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Muslim and Buddhist Encounters: Between Conflict and Harmony

Awang¹,

Ramli²,

Rahman³

2022

Islamiyyat

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Recent public concern over Muslim–Buddhist relations in South and Southeast Asia has emerged because of massive violence against Muslim minority groups in the region's Buddhist-majority states. The Buddhist have expressed fear that the rise in the Muslim population would force out the Buddhists, as has happened in several historical records. Thus, in this article, we provide a preliminary analysis of Buddhist-Muslim relations from past to present as it unfolds the various forms of relations, conflicts, and harmonies. This article also analyses the driving factors that contribute to the relation of both religious societies in terms of politics, religion, and economics. This research is qualitative. The research method used is descriptive-analytical by emphasizing content analysis of data information from various books and articles covering the Muslim and Buddhism encounters. Despite certain polemics having occurred along the relationship, the study shows that Muslim-Buddhist encounter occurred in harmony, particularly when relation was rooted in tolerance. Studies affirm that disputed facts ought to be critically updated to establish the causes, which will also help address the misunderstanding between religious societies.

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“…In the last decades, Muslim-Buddhist clashes have been gaining global attention, referring to the events such as the destruction of the Nalanda monastery in the thirteenth century (Kumar 2011) and the destruction of the Bamiyan Buddha statues by the Afghan Taliban in 2001 (Elverskog 2010), the Buddhist government's suppression of Muslim minorities in South Thailand, violence against the Muslim Rohingya and the rise of the 969 movement in Myanmar (Kipgen 2014). The ethnic riots in Sri Lanka (Stewart 2014) have seriously harmed Muslim-Buddhist interrelationship.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peaceful Coexistence Through the Concepts of Brahmavihārās of Buddhism and Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿa of Islam: A Content Analysis

ASHATH

2021

j. of soc. sci. and relig.

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To understand every religion, it is vital to study the main sources, the specific religious scriptures of a particular religion. In order to draw a conclusion about the core message of religion, it is not scientific to observe only the practices of the adherents of a certain religion. Although Buddhism and Islam have been considered as religions of peace, the meeting of Buddhists and Muslims is most often imagined as one of violent confrontation in the modern world. There should be an understanding between Buddhism and Islam to ensure peaceful coexistence among the adherents. Based on the arguments,this study aims to analyze peaceful coexistence through two different concepts, Brahmavihārās from Buddhism and Maqāṣidh al-Sharīʿa from Islam. Primarily it seeks to analyze these two concepts within their respective religions for a better comparison. It uses a library-based qualitative method. For this purpose, the research adopts the content analysis method, which focuses on the materials from journals, books, written reports, and other materials. The study highlights that even though Buddhism and Islam have different doctrinal foundations, the basic teachings promote peaceful coexistence from different points of view. This research concludes that both religions share similar concepts of peaceful coexistence which denote and declare human dignity as a right that should be paid attention. Both religions prioritize love and justice as the main standard in discussing peaceful coexistence. Hopefully, this conceptual study will be able to show that these two ideas are very significant and valuable when dealing with religious conflicts, to make a better inter-religious understanding among Buddhists and Muslims and to succeed in a process of reconciliation and for peaceful coexistence among diverse religious people.

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The Ancient Nālandā Mahāvihāra: The Beginning of Institutional Education

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Evolution of ECMO

Evolution of ECMO

Muslim and Buddhist Encounters: Between Conflict and Harmony

Peaceful Coexistence Through the Concepts of Brahmavihārās of Buddhism and Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿa of Islam: A Content Analysis

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