The ANCIENT CHARM project at FRM II: three-dimensional elemental mapping by prompt gamma activation imaging and neutron tomography

Abstract

The aim of the EU FP6-funded ANCIENT CHARM project has been the development of new, and the integration of existing element-sensitive imaging methods utilizing neutrons. We present here the methodology and the first implementation of 3D elemental mapping at the Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis instrument of the research reactor FRM II, in order to determine spatially resolved elemental abundances in samples. After the design, optimization, and characterization of the new setup, measurements were successfully completed on archaeological objects of historical significance from the collection of the Hungarian National Museum.

Neutron resonance transmission imaging for 3D elemental mapping at the ISIS spallation neutron source

“…Elemental sensitivity is an important added value with respect to classical neutron tomography, while lower acquisition time is an important advantage compared to PGAI. 17…”

NIPS–NORMA station—A combined facility for neutron-based nondestructive element analysis and imaging at the Budapest Neutron Centre

“…The results of the analysis characterize these selected spots in a prioritized way. This makes the technique, called NR/NT-driven PGAI, much more feasible and productive [7] than PGAI of the whole sample. Temporary pilot facilities for this purpose were set up first in Budapest [6] and subsequently at the FRM II PGAA station, Garching, Germany [7], within the framework of the EU FP6 ANCIENT CHARM project (2006)(2007)(2008)(2009).…”

“…This makes the technique, called NR/NT-driven PGAI, much more feasible and productive [7] than PGAI of the whole sample. Temporary pilot facilities for this purpose were set up first in Budapest [6] and subsequently at the FRM II PGAA station, Garching, Germany [7], within the framework of the EU FP6 ANCIENT CHARM project (2006)(2007)(2008)(2009). It was proven that a complete three-dimensional element mapping with adequate resolution is possible [7,8], but presently feasible only to small objects due to constraints of experimental time and neutron flux.…”

“…Temporary pilot facilities for this purpose were set up first in Budapest [6] and subsequently at the FRM II PGAA station, Garching, Germany [7], within the framework of the EU FP6 ANCIENT CHARM project (2006)(2007)(2008)(2009). It was proven that a complete three-dimensional element mapping with adequate resolution is possible [7,8], but presently feasible only to small objects due to constraints of experimental time and neutron flux. Based on these experiences the first permanent facility, called NIPS-NORMA (Neutron-Induced Prompt gamma-ray SpectroscopyNeutron Optics and Radiography for Material Analysis) was constructed and commissioned at the Budapest Neutron Centre, Hungary at the turn of 2011-2012.…”

Characterizing nuclear materials hidden in lead containers by neutron-tomography-driven prompt gamma activation imaging (PGAI-NT)

“…7 This geometry, in a broader context, opens the way for characterizing heterogeneous samples in a more systematic way; even the spatial distribution of elements can be obtained by scanning, i.e. 10 The detailed, systematic elemental mapping of a sample is very time consuming, even if a high-ux neutron beam is available. This technique was later named Prompt Gamma Activation Imaging (PGAI).…”