The ancestral karyotype of platyrrhine monkeys

Abstract

The karyotypes of three platyrrhine monkeys (Callithrix jacchus, Saimiri sciureus, Aotus trivirgatus) were studied using a high resolution banding technique. Their chromosomes were compared with those of man and of Lagothrix lagotricha and Cebus capucinus, previously analysed. Based on the numerous banding homoeologies, a reconstruction of the karyotype of their common ancestor is proposed.

Hemiplasy and homoplasy in the karyotypic phylogenies of mammals

“…The term hemiplasy formalizes and extends some of the pioneering cytogenetic observations by Dutrillaux and coworkers involving idiosyncratic lineage sorting in primates (57), and it offers an alternative explanation for some chromosomal states that conventionally were interpreted to have arisen convergently in different lineages, or were subject to evolutionary reversals each requiring the precise disruption of two adjacent syntenies.…”

Centromere repositioning in mammals

“…Cytogeneticists had long recognized that squirrel monkeys from various geographic regions all had 44 chromosomes, but differences were found in the number of acrocentric and biarmed chromosomes (Jones and Ma, 1975;Lau and Arrighi, 1976;Cambefort and Moro, 1978;Dutrillaux and Couturier, 1981;Moore et al, 1990;Garcia et al, 1995;Scammell et al, 2001). The differences range from 5 acrocentric and 16 submetacentrics to 7 acrocentric and 14 submetacentric chromosomes (see Supplementary Information for a summary of taxonomy and karyotypes).…”

“…A review of the literature shows that, when the X chromosome is illustrated with sufficient banding clarity, the repositioned centromere is evident in all squirrel monkeys regardless of the taxonomic designation (Jones and Ma, 1975;Lau and Arrighi, 1976;Cambefort and Moro, 1978;Garcia et al, 1979Garcia et al, , 1995Dutrillaux and Couturier, 1981;Schempp et al, 1989;Scammell et al, 2001;Stanyon et al, 2008). The seemingly anomalous q terminal position of the par of the two Saimiri in Schempp et al (1989) is now easily explained by the presence of the neoX.…”

Conserved regions of homologous G-banded chromosomes between orders in mammalian evolution: carnivores and primates.

“…By using the pattern of banding as a guide, homologous regions in the chromosomes of two species can often be identified even when the overall morphologies of the chromosomes are quite different. While the chromosomes of nearly all major mammalian taxa have been investigated with modern banding procedures, phylogenetic chromosome relationships have been extensively studied in the primates and carnivores with particular attention to the Felidae family (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14).The elegant analyses of primate phylogenies presented by Dutrillaux and co-workers have established the feasibility of tracking the cytogenetic rearrangements that have occurred during the development of the primate order (1,(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). More recent studies using high-resolution banding techniques have shown that extensive chromosome banding homology exists not only between closely related primates (e.g., human, chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan) but also to a lesser extent between distantly related primates such as man and woolly monkey or lemur (6,7,9).…”

“…Wurster-Hill and coworkers have prepared G-banded karyotypes of 30 (of 37) felid species and found that 12 of the 19 chromosomes seen in the domestic cat are invariant within the Felidae (2, 11, 12). Further, identical homologues to 15 felid chromosomes are found in the viverrid (civets, genets, and mongooses) and -the procyonid (raccoons, coatis, and pandas) families (2).The cytological comparison of banding patterns between mammalian orders has been sparse to date because of the difficulty in identifying subchromosomal regions of homology (4,5). A biochemical genetic map of the domestic cat has recently been prepared in our laboratory by using somatic cell genetic analysis of cat-rodent somatic cell hybrids (18,19).…”