The Anatomy of the Epigastric Flap in the Experimental Rat

Petry, Judith J.; Wortham, Kathleen

doi:10.1097/00006534-198409000-00014

Cited by 133 publications

(75 citation statements)

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“…Platelets adhere to the subendothelial matrix mediated by collagen, fibronectin and Von Willebrand factor. [17][18][19][20] Activated platelets degranulate, releasing ADP and serotonine, which induce the adhesion of other platelets. Thrombin is released, leading to the conversion of fibrinogen into thrombus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estudo da ação da estreptoquinase e do alopurinol em retalhos cutâneos em ilha submetidos à isquemia prolongada: estudo experimental em ratos

Moura¹,

Marques²,

Bernal³

et al. 2009

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

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Objective. To establish a relation between the survival rate for island skin flaps submitted to prolonged ischemia and the effect of streptokinase and allopurinol administered following the prolonged ischemic period. MethOds. A total of 48 male Wistar rats, each weighing between 300 and 350 grams, were separated into four groups of twelve as follows: control, allopurinol, streptokinase, and association of allopurinol and streptokinase. The rats were submitted to epigastric island flap dissection, followed by epigastric vessel bundle clamping. Flaps remained in this condition for 8 hours, in normothermic global ischemia. After the ischemic period, the clamps were removed and each rat received the proposed therapeutic scheme for the group by intravenous injections. Flap survival analysis was performed on the seventh postoperative day. Variance and descriptive analyses (as percentage of necrotic area) were carried out, as well as Dunnett's T3 multiple comparisons among the four groups and the median test. Results. Rats in the control group presented an average necrosis of 79.88% in the total flap area; those receiving allopurinol presented an average necrosis of 64.05%, whereas the group receiving streptokinase presented an average necrosis of 55.52%. With the association of both drugs, rats presented an average necrosis of 54.30% in the total flap area. By applying the Dunnett's test and the median test, we were able to verify that, in this study, the streptokinase group had the lowest rate of necrosis. cOnclusiOn. Compared to the administration of allopurinol, association of allopurinol and streptokinase, and the control group, systemic administration of streptokinase after 8 hours of normothermic global ischemia resulted in an increased survival rate for epigastric island skin flaps in rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estudo da ação da estreptoquinase e do alopurinol em retalhos cutâneos em ilha submetidos à isquemia prolongada: estudo experimental em ratos

Moura¹,

Marques²,

Bernal³

et al. 2009

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

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“…A segment of jejunum, approximately 5 cm long, based on a branch from the superior mesenteric artery was raised through mid-line laparotomy incision. On the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, dissection of a skin flap measuring 4 cm wide and 5 cm long was done, including the blood supply from the superficial epigastric artery, which is a branch of the femoral artery (Petry and Wortham 1984) (Fig. 1).…”

Section: The Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Neovascularization of the Jejunal Graft. A New Animal Model.

Araki

Ebihara

Nakatsuka

et al. 1992

Tohoku J. Exp. Med.

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“…These vessels originate from and drain into the femoral artery and vein, respectively. On average the caliber of the superficial epigastric vein is 0.6 to 0.8 mm, contrasting with the 0.3 to 0.5 mm of the superficial epigastric artery (Figure 2) 17,18 . The superficial epigastric artery gives off two main branches: a lateral and a medial branch that in turn divide multiple times, originating capillary networks that supply most of the integument of the epigastric region.…”

Section: Flap Anatomy and Histologymentioning

confidence: 96%

A Model of Free Tissue Transfer: The Rat Epigastric Free Flap

Casal

Pais

Iria

et al. 2017

JoVE

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Free tissue transfer has been increasingly used in clinical practice since the 1970s, allowing reconstruction of complex and otherwise untreatable defects resulting from tumor extirpation, trauma, infections, malformations or burns. Free flaps are particularly useful for reconstructing highly complex anatomical regions, like those of the head and neck, the hand, the foot and the perineum. Moreover, basic and translational research in the area of free tissue transfer is of great clinical potential. Notwithstanding, surgical trainees and researchers are frequently deterred from using microsurgical models of tissue transfer, due to lack of information regarding the technical aspects involved in the operative procedures. The aim of this paper is to present the steps required to transfer a fasciocutaneous epigastric free flap to the neck in the rat.This flap is based on the superficial epigastric artery and vein, which originates from and drain into the femoral artery and vein, respectively. On average the caliber of the superficial epigastric vein is 0.6 to 0.8 mm, contrasting with the 0.3 to 0.5 mm of the superficial epigastric artery. Histologically, the flap is a composite block of tissues, containing skin (epidermis and dermis), a layer of fat tissue (panniculus adiposus), a layer of striated muscle (panniculus carnosus), and a layer of loose areolar tissue.Succinctly, the epigastric flap is raised on its pedicle vessels that are then anastomosed to the external jugular vein and to the carotid artery on the ventral surface of the rat's neck. According to our experience, this model guarantees the complete survival of approximately 70 to 80% of epigastric flaps transferred to the neck region. The flap can be evaluated whenever needed by visual inspection. Hence, the authors believe this is a good experimental model for microsurgical research and training.

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The Anatomy of the Epigastric Flap in the Experimental Rat

Cited by 133 publications

References 0 publications

Estudo da ação da estreptoquinase e do alopurinol em retalhos cutâneos em ilha submetidos à isquemia prolongada: estudo experimental em ratos

Estudo da ação da estreptoquinase e do alopurinol em retalhos cutâneos em ilha submetidos à isquemia prolongada: estudo experimental em ratos

Study of Neovascularization of the Jejunal Graft. A New Animal Model.

A Model of Free Tissue Transfer: The Rat Epigastric Free Flap

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