The Anatomy of the Convergence of Major Deep Cerebral Veins in the Pineal Region: A Computed Tomography Angiography Study

Anatomy imaging and hemodynamics research on the cerebral vein and venous sinus among individuals without cranial sinus and jugular vein diseases

“…Therefore, evaluation of the anatomy of the cerebral small veins is critical for choosing an optimal surgical strategy (Table 2). Brzegowy et al used CT angiography to retrospectively analyze the anatomy of internal cerebral veins (ICVs), Galen veins GV, basal veins BV, and other deep cerebral veins and their branches in 250 subjects, excluding cerebral parenchymal and vascular diseases, and attempted to establish a new classification for these veins (Brzegowy et al, 2019(Brzegowy et al, , 2021. The results showed that in 77% of the cerebral hemispheres, the thalamostriate vein was the only main tributary of the ICV, and this type was considered normal anatomy (Brzegowy et al, 2019).…”

“…Computed tomography venography is widely used in daily life and has better clinical applicability. However, for small veins that end at venous convergence, the resolution of this imaging method is often insufficient to observe them all ( Brzegowy et al, 2021 ). CTV cannot be widely used in certain populations, such as children, patients with metallic vascular clips, or in the presence of highly enhanced tumors, due to high radiation doses ( Rollins et al, 2005 ; Manara et al, 2010 ).…”

“…After classifying the BV according to the continuity of its trunk, they found that 66% of patients did not have the absence of the three segments of the BV trunk. The most common pattern was seen as a normal anatomical structure, while for the termination pattern of BV in the pineal region, they suggested that tributaries of the ICV and GV should be taken into account, as different BV termination patterns may imply different surgical approaches ( Brzegowy et al, 2021 ).…”