The Anatomy of Cupidʼs Bow in Normal and Cleft Lip

Mulliken, John B.; Pensler, Jay M.; Kozakewich, Harry P.

doi:10.1097/00006534-199309000-00002

Cited by 14 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Assessments for lip function include lip texture, symmetry, movement, mass formation and ease of repeating the injection. Moreover, achieving aesthetic goals with minimal risk for adverse events requires knowledge of lip anatomy and function, clinical experience in the use of various injection techniques, the primary reason for the patients to demand these treatments is to improve their appearance [3,18,23]. Therefore, either surgical or nonsurgical, lip augmentation procedures should be based on recording mathematical measurements of the individuals and their evaluation on ethnic characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Together with the surgical techniques, nonsurgical procedures of injectable soft tissue fillers such as bovine collagen or hyaluronic acid enable to enlarge, refine, shorten and reshape lips. Lip enhancement and augmentation procedures have become increasingly popular with some minimally invasive products for dermal filling and volume creation [20][21][22][23]. Candidates for lip enhancement include patients whose lips have flattened or lost volume, show vermilion and/or have lost definition due to aging, photodamage, smoking, or a combination of all, patients with congenitally thin and/or asymmetrical lips and patients who desire an enhanced lip shape or fullness [3,4,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Computer-assisted analysis contour lines of aesthetic unit for the assessment of lip augmentation

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Lip augmentation and changing contour lines have become more popular ways of improving the appearance. However, validated measures of lip fullness for quantification of outcomes are needed; ethnic background and personal goals can optimise outcomes while tailoring lip enhancement treatment to each individual's anatomy. The aim of this study is to analyse the morphological features of the lip in detail and to clarify the objective parameters in related with the subjective ones regarding the lip augmentation and lip reconstruction. Methods Standard photographs of the lips of 200 young Anatolian adults were calculated with linear and angular components. The features of the lower third of the face were analysed with the software program. Linear analyses (heights of the upper lip, the upper vermilion, the lower lip height, the lower vermillion and the chin height) and angular analyses (the upper lip, the lower lip, the apex and Cupid's bow angles) were measured as reference points. The lip shape was classified into five groups: thin, very thin, medium, full and very full. Results The lower third of the face was divided into three segments (Sn-Sto, Sm-Me and Sto-Sm), and the largest portion of the lower face was occupied by the chin and the smallest by the lower lip height in both genders. The upper vermilion height was 8.07 ± 1.8 mm in males and 7.08 ± 1.5 mm in females. The lower vermilion height was 10.1 ± 2.4 mm in males and 9.7 ± 1.9 mm in females. The upper lip angle was calculated as 30.3 ± 9.6°in males and 24.2 ± 6.2°mm in females. The lower lip angle was calculated as 38.3 ± 9.7°in males and 36.5 ± 6.4°in females. Meanwhile, the angular measurements of Cupid's bow (i.e., the apex and the central angle of Cupid's bow) were smaller in men than in women. When the lip was analyzed, the medium and full types in upper and lower lips accounted for substantial fractions in men, whereas medium and thin types were predominant also in women. Conclusions With the help of certain software, this research has made possible to define the best cosmetical redesign solution of lip construction and augmentation with a natural appearance for the patient. Level of Evidence: Level III, diagnostic study.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer-assisted analysis contour lines of aesthetic unit for the assessment of lip augmentation

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The mucosa is the pink lining of the oral cavity that is composed of nonkeratinized squamous epithelium. 2 It is unlike dry vermilion in that chronic exposure from inadequate vermilion reconstruction results in parakeratosis and chronic chapped lips. The red line is the junction between vermillion and mucosa.…”

Section: Anatomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Unilateral Cleft Lip: Principles and Practice of Surgical Management

Tse

2013

Seminars in Plastic Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Management of cleft lip and palate requires a unique understanding of the various dimensions of care to optimize outcomes of surgery. The breadth of treatment spans multiple disciplines and the length of treatment spans infancy to adulthood. Although the focus of reconstruction is on form and function, changes occur with growth and development. This review focuses on the surgical management of the primary cleft lip and nasal deformity. In addition to surgical treatment, the anatomy, clinical spectrum, preoperative care, and postoperative care are discussed. Principles of surgery are emphasized and controversies are highlighted.

show abstract

“…The reconstruction of the central lip by advancing the WSR-vermilion-orbicularis marginalis flaps from the lateral lip beneath the prolabial segment gives a continuous WSR, underlying vermilion, parallel red , and a full central prolabial tubercle without notching. 31,51,52 HORIZONTAL INCISION ON LATERAL LIPS From the experience in unilateral cleft lip repair, 53 the horizontal incision below the nasal floor is usually unnecessary. Nevertheless, the alar-facial groove has a better appearance if the skin is kept intact.…”

Section: Cupid's Bow and Lip Tuberclementioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Complete Bilateral Cleft Lip-Nasal Deformity

Chen

Noordhoff

Liou

2005

Seminars in Plastic Surgery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The modern technique of presurgical orthopedics and nasoalveolar molding produces a better skeletal foundation and nasal shape for the repair of the bilateral cleft lip-nasal deformity. The general principles are as follows: (1) preserve the presurgical columellar length; (2) keep the width of the central lip segment narrow without compromising the blood supply; (3) advance the columella prolabium complex superiorly to allow reconstruction of the orbicularis oris muscle behind the prolabium; (4) release the alar cartilage attachment from the pyriform rim and provide additional coverage of this soft tissue deficiency with the use of inferior turbinate flaps; (5) release and reposition the lower lateral cartilage; (6) adequately dissect above the maxillary periosteum; (7) reconstruct the nasal floor by local mucosal flaps; (8) reconstruct the prolabial buccal sulcus with tissue from the prolabium; (9) reconstruct the orbicularis muscle sphincter and attach it to the anterior nasal spine; (10) reconstruct a new Cupid's bow, central vermilion, and lip tubercle with tissue from the lateral lips; (11) balance the height of both lateral lips without any incision around the ala; and (12) maintain the presurgical nasolabial angle. The residual nasal deformity remains a problem that needs further improvement. The long-term result in Chang Gung Craniofacial Center suggests overcorrection of columella height before, during, and after lip repair.

show abstract

The Anatomy of Cupidʼs Bow in Normal and Cleft Lip

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Computer-assisted analysis contour lines of aesthetic unit for the assessment of lip augmentation

Computer-assisted analysis contour lines of aesthetic unit for the assessment of lip augmentation

Unilateral Cleft Lip: Principles and Practice of Surgical Management

Treatment of Complete Bilateral Cleft Lip-Nasal Deformity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About