The anatomy of Continental Flood Basalt Provinces: geological constraints on the processes and products of flood volcanism

Jerram, Dougal A.; Widdowson, Mike

doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2004.09.009

Cited by 261 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Peate, Larsen & Lesher, 2003;Jerram et al 2009, this issue) and ignimbrites as well as plutonic or sheet intrusions (sills and/or dykes) (Table 1; Fig. 1 (Saunders et al 1997;Torsvik, Mosar & Eide, 2001;Jerram & Widdowson, 2005;Meyer, Van Wijk & Gernigon, 2007) (Table 1; Fig. 1).…”

Section: B Igneous Settingsmentioning

confidence: 96%

The onset of the North Atlantic Igneous Province in a rifting perspective

et al. 2009

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The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Abstract -The processes that led to the onset and evolution of the North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP) have been a theme of debate in the past decades. A popular theory has been that the impingement on the lower lithosphere of a hot mantle plume (the 'Ancestral Iceland' plume) initiated the first voluminous outbursts of lava and initiated rifting in the North Atlantic area in Early Palaeogene times. Here we review previous studies in order to set the NAIP magmatism in a time-space context. We suggest that global plate reorganizations and lithospheric extension across old orogenic fronts and/or suture zones, aided by other processes in the mantle (e.g. local or regional scale upwellings prior to and during the final Early Eocene rifting), played a role in the generation of the igneous products recorded in the NAIP for this period. These events gave rise to the extensive Paleocene and Eocene igneous rocks in W Greenland, NW Britain and at the conjugate E Greenland-NW European margins. Many of the relatively large magmatic centres of the NAIP were associated with transient and geographically confined doming in Early Paleocene times prior to the final break-up of the North Atlantic area.

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Section: B Igneous Settingsmentioning

confidence: 96%

The onset of the North Atlantic Igneous Province in a rifting perspective

et al. 2009

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“…Pillows are typical of submarine eruptions at low effusion rates and are often found on seamounts and mid-ocean ridge flanks (Ballard et al, 1979). Massive flows are characteristic of continental flood basalt provinces, and they indicate a high effusion rate (Jerram and Widdowson, 2005). They are formed by inflation of the massive interior as an elastic skin develops on the upper and lower chilled margins (Self et al, 1997).…”

Section: Igneous Rocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

IODP Expedition 324: Ocean Drilling at Shatsky Rise Gives Clues about Oceanic Plateau Formation

Sager

Sano

Geldmacher

2011

Scientific Drilling

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Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expedition 324 cored Shatsky Rise at five sites (U1346-U1350) to study processes of oceanic plateau formation and evolution. Site penetrations ranged from 191.8 m to 324.1 m with coring of 52.6 m to 172.7 m into igneous basement at four of the sites. Average recovery in basement was 38.7%-67.4%. Cored igneous sections consist mainly of variably evolved tholeiitic basalts emplaced as pillows or massive flows. Massive flows are thickest and make up the largest percentage of section on the largest and oldest volcano, late Jurassic age Tamu Massif; thus, it may have formed at high effusion rates. Such massive flows are characteristic of flood basalts, and similar flows were cored at Ontong Java Plateau. Indeed, the similarity of igneous sections at Site U1347 with that cored on Ontong Java Plateau implies similar volcanic styles for these two plateaus. On younger, smaller Shatsky Rise volcanoes, pillow flows are common and massive flows thinner and fewer, which might mean volcanism waned with time. Cored sediments from summit sites contain fossils and structures implying shallow water depths or emergence at the time of eruption and normal subsidence since. Summit sites also show pervasive alteration that could be due to high fluid fluxes. A thick section of volcaniclastics cored on Tamu Massif suggests that shallow, explosive submarine volcanism played a significant role in the geologic development of the plateau summit. Expedition 324 results imply that Shatsky Rise began with massive eruptions forming a huge volcano and that subsequent eruptions waned in intensity, forming volcanoes that are large, but which did not erupt with unusually high effusion rates. Similarities of cored sections on Tamu Massif with those of Ontong Java Plateau indicate that these oceanic plateaus formed in similar fashion.

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“…In this study, the offshore succession was interpreted using the character and geometry of the seismic reflections, combined with the understanding of facies architectures of flood volcanic rocks developed from studies of onshore exposures from key flood basalt sequences, such as the NAIP and the Etendeka province of Namibia (Planke, Alvestad & Skogseid, 1999;Jerram, 2002;Single & Jerram, 2004;Jerram & Widdowson, 2005;Nelson et al 2009). Precise identification of boundaries is difficult on seismic reflection data because of the complex scattering and absorption of the seismic energy by the heterogeneous basalts.…”

Section: Seismic Interpretation Of Offshore Volcanic Sequencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Jerram & Widdowson, 2005). They are significant, as the provinces contain enormous volumes of lava; for instance, the North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP), is estimated to have a volume of 1.8 × 10 6 km 3 covering an area of 1.3 × 10 6 km 2 (Eldholm & Grue, 1994), with a significant amount of the lava sequences being found offshore.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the offshore flood basalt sequence using onshore volcanic facies analogues: an example from the Faroe–Shetland basin

et al. 2009

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Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Abstract -Flood basalts in associated volcanic rifted margins, such as the North Atlantic Igneous Province, have a significant component of lavas which are preserved in the present day in an offshore setting. A close inspection of the internal facies architecture of flood basalts onshore provides a framework to interpret the offshore sequences imaged by remote techniques such as reflection seismology. A geological interpretation of the offshore lava sequences in the Faroe-Shetland Basin, using constraints from onshore analogues such as the Faroe Islands, allows for the identification of a series of lava sequences which have characteristic properties so that they can be grouped. These are tabular simple flows, compound-braided flows, and sub-aqueously deposited hyaloclastite facies. The succession of volcanic rocks calculated in this study has a maximum thickness in excess of 6800 m. Down to the top of the sub-volcanic sediments, the offshore volcanic succession has a thickness of about 2700 m where it can be clearly identified across much of the area, with a further 2700 m or more of volcanic rock estimated from the combined gravity and seismic modelling to the north and west of the region. A large palaeo-waterbody is identified on the basis of a hyaloclastite front/apron consisting of a series of clinoforms prograding towards the eastern part of the basin. This body was > 500 m deep, must have been present at the onset of volcanism into this region, and parts of the water body would have been present during the continued stages of volcanism as indicated by the distribution of the hyaloclastite apron.

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The anatomy of Continental Flood Basalt Provinces: geological constraints on the processes and products of flood volcanism

Cited by 261 publications

References 91 publications

The onset of the North Atlantic Igneous Province in a rifting perspective

The onset of the North Atlantic Igneous Province in a rifting perspective

IODP Expedition 324: Ocean Drilling at Shatsky Rise Gives Clues about Oceanic Plateau Formation

Understanding the offshore flood basalt sequence using onshore volcanic facies analogues: an example from the Faroe–Shetland basin

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