The anatomical logic of smell

Schoenfeld, Thomas A.; Cleland, Thomas A.

doi:10.1016/j.tins.2005.09.005

Cited by 103 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…6-8) also possess the same gross morphological suite of olfactory features that characterize macrosmatic mammals: (1) separate olfactory and respiratory airflows (Figs. 7,8); (2) dorsal nasal meatuses; (3) isolated olfactory recess located caudal to the posteroventral opening of the dorsal nasal meatus into the nasal passage/nasopharynx; (4) probable unidirectional airflow through the recess (i.e., exhaled air in its vast majority probably does not enter the olfactory recess); and (5) following inspiration, stagnation within the recess would be ideal for ''chromatographic'' odorant separation (Mozell, 1964;Schoenfeld and Cleland, 2005) and odorant vapor absorption (Craven, 2008).…”

Section: Discussion On the Identity Of Cmm-v-4536mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Olfactory Anatomy in an Archaic Whale (Protocetidae, Cetacea) and the Minke Whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata (Balaenopteridae, Cetacea)

Godfrey

Geisler

Fitzgerald

2012

The Anatomical Record

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The structure of the olfactory apparatus is not well known in both archaic and extant whales; the result of poor preservation in most fossils and locational isolation deep within the skulls in both fossil and Recent taxa. Several specimens now shed additional light on the subject. A partial skull of an archaic cetacean is reported from the Pamunkey River, Virginia, USA. The specimen probably derives from the upper middle Eocene (Piney Point Formation) and is tentatively assigned to the Protocetidae. Uncrushed cranial cavities associated with the olfactory apparatus were devoid of sediment. CT scans clearly reveal the dorsal nasal meatus, ethmoturbinates within the olfactory recess, the cribriform plate, the area occupied by the olfactory bulbs, and the olfactory nerve tract. Several sectioned skulls of the minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) were also examined, and olfactory structures are remarkably similar to those observed in the fossil skull from the Pamunkey River. One important difference between the two is that the fossil specimen has an elongate olfactory nerve tract. The more forward position of the external nares in extant balaenopterids when compared with those of extant odontocetes is interpreted to be the result of the need to retain a functional olfactory apparatus and the forward position of the supraoccipital/ cranial vertex. An increase in the distance between the occipital condyles and the vertex in balaenopterids enhances the mechanical advantage of the epaxial musculature that inserts on the occiput, a specialization that likely stabilizes the head of these enormous mammals during lunge feeding. Anat Rec, 296:257-272,

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Section: Discussion On the Identity Of Cmm-v-4536mentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Olfactory Anatomy in an Archaic Whale (Protocetidae, Cetacea) and the Minke Whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata (Balaenopteridae, Cetacea)

Godfrey

Geisler

Fitzgerald

2012

The Anatomical Record

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“…In addition, different populations of OR neurons (which express specific OR genes) are distributed zonally along positions corresponding to more central (along dorsal meatus) or more peripheral paths of inspiratory airflow Cleland, 2005, 2006). Although most zones of OR neuronal populations appear to overlap to some degree (Miyamichi et al, 2005;Schoenfeld and Cleland, 2005), the internal complex of nasal fossa of rodents is thus highly organized with regional specializations in odorant detection. Airflow modeling studies have shown that odorants with different chemical properties (e.g.…”

Section: Significance Of the Distribution Of Olfactory Sa To Airflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…molecular weight and solubility) may deposit in different regions of the nasal passages, and that these regions of deposition appear to correspond to the zones of OR expression (Yang et al, 2007). Schoenfeld and Cleland (2005) suggest that this design, in which the (Smith et al, 2007b;Smith and Rossie, 2008). Unfortunately, knowledge of intranasal airflow in primates is heavily biased toward monkeys and humans, in which a relatively turbulent flow pattern predominates during sniffing behaviors, whereas airflow in rodent nasal fossae occurs in a laminar pattern (even during sniffing behaviors) which allows diffusion of odorants across peripheral spaces (Schoenfeld and Cleland, 2005).…”

Section: Significance Of the Distribution Of Olfactory Sa To Airflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schoenfeld and Cleland (2005) suggest that this design, in which the (Smith et al, 2007b;Smith and Rossie, 2008). Unfortunately, knowledge of intranasal airflow in primates is heavily biased toward monkeys and humans, in which a relatively turbulent flow pattern predominates during sniffing behaviors, whereas airflow in rodent nasal fossae occurs in a laminar pattern (even during sniffing behaviors) which allows diffusion of odorants across peripheral spaces (Schoenfeld and Cleland, 2005). The majority of ''long-snouted'' primate species, such as strepsirrhines, remain uninvestigated in regard to intranasal airflow patterns.…”

Section: Significance Of the Distribution Of Olfactory Sa To Airflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Olfactory and Nonolfactory Surface Area in the Nasal Fossa of Microcebus murinus: Implications for Microcomputed Tomography and Airflow Studies

Smith

Eiting

Rossie

2011

The Anatomical Record

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The nasal fossa of most mammals exemplifies extreme skeletal complexity. Thin scrolls of bone (turbinals) that both elaborate surface area (SA) and subdivide nasal space are used as morphological proxies for olfactory and respiratory physiology. The present study offers additional details on the nasal fossa of the adult mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus), previously described by Smith and Rossie (Smith and Rossie [2008]; Anatomical Record 291:895-915). Additional, intervening histological sections of the specimen were used to map and quantify the distribution of olfactory and nonolfactory mucosa on the smaller turbinal of the frontal recess (FR; frontoturbinal) and those that occur between ethmoturbinals (ETs; interturbinals). A second adult Microcebus specimen, available as a dried skull, was scanned using microcomputed tomography (microCT) and reconstructed to infer the position of these turbinals within the nasal airway. Overall, turbinal bones comprise more than half of internal nasal SA. All ETs combined comprise about 30% of total nasal fossa SA, and contribute nearly half of all olfactory SA. Of these, the nasoturbinal (NT) is most completely covered with olfactory mucosa, whereas ET I is least covered with olfactory mucosa. The FR contributes significantly to total olfactory SA (ca. 20%). This recess and the single frontoturbinal within it lie in a more lateral pathway of airflow compared with interturbinals, which lie in more central zone just anterior to the olfactory recess of Microcebus. Variations in the turbinals and recesses that complicate central and paranasal in primates should be investigated further in light of zone-specific distributions of olfactory receptors (ORs) that differ between these regions in rodents. Anat Rec, 294:1217Rec, 294: -1225

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“…Different types of receptors are expressed in different parts of the nose, some in separate organs (5), or in different compartments or zones of the main olfactory epithelium (6). In the main epithelium, most odorant receptor expression zones may be functional anatomical units, because they are organized orthogonally to airflow, establishing an interaction between chromatographic separation of odorants across the nasal mucosa and receptor specificity to establish the unique activity patterns across the epithelium that are evoked by different odorant molecules (6).…”

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confidence: 99%