The anatomical distribution and morphology of extraadrenal chromaffin tissue (abdominal paraganglia) in the dog

Mascorro, Joe A.; Yates, Robert D.

doi:10.1016/0040-8166(77)90005-2

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the rat, extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue degenerates after birth and little is present in the adult (Lempinen, 1964;Coupland, 1965b). In other species a variable amount of tissue persists postnatally and can be found in pre-aortic ganglia and on the ventral and lateral surfaces of the aorta from the level of the adrenal glands to the aortic bifurcation (Goormaghtigh, 1936;Coupland 1956b;Mascorro & Yates, 1977). Considering these factors and the regions examined in our study, few of the paraganglia we identified are likely to represent extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue.…”

Section: Adrenal Medulla-like Paragangliamentioning

confidence: 56%

Location and size of carotid body-like organs (paraganglia) revealed in rats by the permeability of blood vessels to Evans blue dye

1981

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We determined the number, distribution size, and morphology of paraganglia near the glossopharyngeal, vagus, and sympathetic nerves of rats. The location of paraganglia was revealed by a method that takes advantage of the comparatively high permeability of their blood vessels to Evans blue dye. Rats were fixed by vascular perfusion of glutaraldehyde 2 min after receiving an intravenous injection of Evans blue dye. Paraganglia appeared as circumscribed, intensely blue structures that were readily distinguished from unstained nerves associated with them. Similarly, some groups of small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells in autonomic and sensory ganglia were surrounded by Evans blue at a time that other portions of the ganglia contained little detectable dye. An average of 92.5 (range 41-134) paraganglia and 41 (range 17-68) blue spots in ganglia were found in the neck, thorax and abdomen of each of 10 rats. Carotid bodies had a mean length of 601 +/- 123 micrometer, width of 275 +/- 65 micrometer, and volume of 25.1 +/- 11.2 micrometer 3 X 10(6). Other paraganglia had an average length of 168 +/- 108 micrometer, width of 77 +/- 41 micrometer, and volume of 0.87 +/- 1.55 micrometer 3 X 10(6). The total volume of paraganglion tissue averaged 128 micrometer 3 X 10(6) (range 62-215 micrometer 3 X 10(6)), 59% of which was due to paraganglia other than the carotid bodies. By using fluorescence microscopy, we verified that small catecholamine-containing cells, visible because of their yellow-green fluorescence induced by formaldehyde gas, were located in regions along nerves and within ganglia that contained extravascular dye, visible because of its red fluorescence. Electron-microscopic studies confirmed that blue-stained organs (presumptive paraganglia) associated with the superior laryngeal nerve and other branches of the vagus nerve contained cells morphologically similar to glomus cells of the carotid body. Celiac ganglia contained, in addition, some cells similar to chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. Paraganglia (but not in SIF cells in ganglia) were encapsulated by layers of perineurium, which may constitute a barrier to diffusion. Tortuous thin-walled blood vessels, some with a fenestrated endothelium, were present in all paraganglia examined and were near most groups of SIF cells in ganglia. Neural connections of the small catecholamine-containing cells varied. Most nerve terminals on cells in paraganglia resembled sensory nerve endings on glomus cells of the carotid body, although some were morphologically similar to preganglionic nerves on chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla.

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Section: Adrenal Medulla-like Paragangliamentioning

confidence: 56%

Location and size of carotid body-like organs (paraganglia) revealed in rats by the permeability of blood vessels to Evans blue dye

1981

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“…Chromaffin tissue and sympathetic ganglia from young dogs (2-3 weeks old), Syrian hamsters (1 day), mice (6 days), rats (1-3 days), and rabbits (3 weeks) were processed routinely for electron microscopic study by utilizing methods described previously (Mascorro and Yates, 1977). Mitotic cells were observed from time to time in all animals while routinely studying these chromaffin and sympathetic tissues.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Catecholamine-containing chromaffin cells are voluminous and constitute a widespread system which occupies intra-and extraadrenal positions (Coupland, 1965; Mascorro and Yates, 1977). The intraadrenal component of this system composes the well-known adrenal medulla.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitotic cell division in the extraadrenal chromaffin system of various species

Mascorro

Yates

1989

J. Elec. Microsc. Tech.

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Mitotic activity often has been reported in embryonic and fetal sympathetic neuroblasts, principal sympathoblasts, and primitive sympathetic cells in various species at different stages of development. Postnatal adrenal medullary cells also are known to undergo mitosis, but such dividing capabilities rarely have been observed in the true postnatal extraadrenal chromaffin system. Although few in number, this work nevertheless has clearly identified such cells in varying stages of the mitotic cycle in the young dog, Syrian hamster, mouse, rabbit, and rat. The dividing cells were noted in paraaortic chromaffin organs, paraganglia, and within the inferior mesenteric ganglion as well. They displayed the morphological character usually associated with their adrenal medullary catecholaminergic counterparts, including numerous dense-cored vesicles known to be the harbingers of catecholamines and various peptides. Nerve endings were not noticed upon the mitotic cells. The phenomenon of dividing extraadrenal chromaffin cells augments existing data and perhaps suggests that these cells are more endocrine than neural in type and subservient to the adrenal medulla in its classic endocrine function.

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“…In some forms, however, intra-and extra-adrenal chromaffin tissues differ not only in their proximity to the adrenal cortex, but also in their innervation. Thus in the rabbit (Coupland & Weakley, 1968, 1970, mouse (Virágh & Korényi Both, 1967;Mascorro & Yates, 1971) and dog (Mascorro & Yates, 1977) the main abdominal extra-adrenal chromaffin bodies are not innervated even though they may persist throughout the lifespan of the animal. In other forms, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Normal Function of Extra-Adrenal Chromaffin Tissues in the Young Rabbit and Guinea-Pig

Coupland¹,

Kent²,

Kent³

1982

Journal of Endocrinology

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An attempt has been made to determine the relative functional activities of adrenal and extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue during the neonatal phase and up to 1 week of age using young rabbits and guinea-pigs whose main extra-adrenal abdominal para-aortic chromaffin bodies are respectively non-innervated and innervated. Amine synthesis and storage were followed by assay and autoradiography after a single intraperitoneal injection of L-[2,5,6-3H]DOPA and the findings correlated with amine content as assessed by high performance liquid chromatography and by volume of tissue. The results indicate that in the guinea-pig, in spite of differences in proportions of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the adrenal gland and para-aortic body (PAB), the loss of labelled catecholamines from the innervated PAB closely follows that from the adrenal medulla, suggesting that both participate in normal sympathoadrenal activity. By comparison, in the rabbit the PAB shows only a minimal decreased labelled amine during the first week of life during which period the amine content and concentration of the PAB doubles: the functional significance of this non-innervated extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue, which persists throughout life, has still to be determined.

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The anatomical distribution and morphology of extraadrenal chromaffin tissue (abdominal paraganglia) in the dog

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Location and size of carotid body-like organs (paraganglia) revealed in rats by the permeability of blood vessels to Evans blue dye

Location and size of carotid body-like organs (paraganglia) revealed in rats by the permeability of blood vessels to Evans blue dye

Mitotic cell division in the extraadrenal chromaffin system of various species

Normal Function of Extra-Adrenal Chromaffin Tissues in the Young Rabbit and Guinea-Pig

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