The analysis of the kinetics of extraction of resinoids and hypericines from the amber, Hypericum perforatum L

Abstract

The kinetics of the extraction of the overall extracted materials (resinoids), total hypericine, hypericine and pseudohypericine from amber (Hypericum perforatum L) was investigated by the procedure of maceration both with and without ultra-sound, using methanol as the extractant. It was found that the period of fast extraction with intensification of the extraction of resinoid by ultra-sound was significantly shorter (about 20 minutes) than was needed for the extraction without ultra-sound (about 5 h). Similar results were also obtained for the extraction of the other tested substances. It can be concluded that better drug exploitation can be achieved in a much shorter extraction time by intensification of the extraction using ultra-sound. By preparation of herbal material through pulverization, a significant grade of herbal tissue structure disintegration was achieved, so that turbulent mass transfer plays a dominant role in the extraction. The results show that the coefficient values of fast extraction (b) are approximately the same for all the investigated kinetics.

Isothermal kinetics of ethanolic extraction of total hypericin from pre‐extracted Hypericum perforatum flowers

“…Several mathematical models (empirical or physical models) have been employed to describe the kinetics of TH extraction from H. perforatum : a kinetic model of the first‐order reaction, 19 unsteady‐state diffusion model, 11 film theory model, 14 parabolic diffusion model and Elovich's equation 14 …”

“…Extraction of total hypericin (TH) which relates to the extraction of the group of compounds (hypericin, pseudohypericin and their biosynthetic precursors) from H. perforatum dried material has been the main objective of a large number of studies in the literature 11–18 . Šmelcerović et al 11 investigated the extraction of hypericin and pseudohypericin from amber of H. perforatum plant by maceration and ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) using ethanol as solvent.…”

Countercurrent Separation of Natural Products: An Update

“…While CCS gave the best recovery of pseudohypericin (87%), the Sephadex procedure yielded a higher recovery of hypericin than CCS (91 vs 76%). 134 Five triterpene saponins were isolated from Gypsophila paniculata with an HBuMWat(0.02% TFA) SS. A comparison between the 300 mL CCS instrument and 20 × 250 mm C 18 HPLC reported that CCS had larger sample loading (220 vs 30 mg), longer separation times, shorter preprocessing times, better reproducibility, and lower cost.…”

Sub‐and Supercritical CO2‐Extraction of Hypericum perforatum L.

“…[6±8] and the most significant compounds (hypericine and pseudohypericine) [6] gained by the maceration procedure. The process of H. perforatum L. extraction was significantly activated by the application of ultra-sound [6].…”

“…The process of H. perforatum L. extraction was significantly activated by the application of ultra-sound [6]. There is little information about the extraction of H. perforatum L. using a high pressure extraction method [9].…”