2005
DOI: 10.1017/s0260210505006327
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The analysis of protracted social conflict: a tribute to Edward Azar

Abstract: The aim of this article is to draw attention to the work of a conflict analyst whose theory of ‘protracted social conflict’ – developed in a sustained series of publications over a twenty-year period from the early-1970s – has been neglected in mainstream international relations, strategic studies and security studies circles. The first section offers a conceptual context for assessing the originality and significance of Azar's approach. The second section outlines his theory of protracted social conflict. The… Show more

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Cited by 40 publications
(21 citation statements)
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“…Since that time, clashes between the Hema and the Lendu have been reported on more than ten occasions before the more recent Ituri war. This is only one example of the dozens of protracted intercommunity conflicts existing in Eastern DRC which contribute to conflict at a higher level, covering the ' sea of instability', where violence has become common practice (Beaudoin 2013;Ramsbotham 2005 In Congo, as in other colonized areas, violence increased exponentially during the European colonization. Indeed, Congo´s colonization was the most painful in Africa: the journalist Adam Hochschild (1998) calculated that the regime set up by the Belgian King killed between six and ten million Congolese.…”
Section: Tensions In the Sea: 'Le Sol Et Le Sous-sol'mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Since that time, clashes between the Hema and the Lendu have been reported on more than ten occasions before the more recent Ituri war. This is only one example of the dozens of protracted intercommunity conflicts existing in Eastern DRC which contribute to conflict at a higher level, covering the ' sea of instability', where violence has become common practice (Beaudoin 2013;Ramsbotham 2005 In Congo, as in other colonized areas, violence increased exponentially during the European colonization. Indeed, Congo´s colonization was the most painful in Africa: the journalist Adam Hochschild (1998) calculated that the regime set up by the Belgian King killed between six and ten million Congolese.…”
Section: Tensions In the Sea: 'Le Sol Et Le Sous-sol'mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Com a proposta de desenvolver ferramentas analíticas e aplicá-las na prática, a resolução de conflitos gira em torno de fazer com que as partes visionem outros resultados além da soma zero ou win-lose, onde o ganho de uma delas implica necessariamente na perda da outra, por meio de espaços de negociação de interesses. (GROOM, 1988;MIALL;RAMSBOTHAM;WOODHOUSE, 1999). Fisher (1997, p. 8, tradução nossa) define a resolução interativa de conflitos como "discussões orientadas para a solução de problemas, em pequenos grupos, entre representantes não oficiais de grupos identitários ou de Estados envolvidos em um conflito destrutivo, que são facilitadas por uma terceira parte composta de cientistas sociais-praticantes".…”
Section: A Resolução Interativa De Conflitosunclassified
“…A resolução interativa de problemas consiste em uma abordagem descritiva ao processo negociativo, mas também uma normatividade em relação ao problema comum que deveria ser levado em conta quando se trata de conflitos entre partes. Os conflitos são definidos como fenômenos intersocietários antes de serem interestatais e, portanto, a mediação assume um papel muito mais abrangente e conta com mecanismos conciliatórios informais, como encontros prévios entre os mediadores e cada uma das partes, com o objetivo de criar oportunidades para debater as questões que não são tratadas nas negociações formais (KELMAN, 1996;MIALL;RAMSBOTHAM;WOODHOUSE, 1999). Dentre essas questões, Oliveira (2017a, p. 241) inclui "os medos individuais, os estereótipos interpessoais, as necessidades ao nível dos indivíduos e das comunidades, os mal-entendidos e os sentimentos sobre os oponentes e outros processos e interpretações psicológicas interpessoais".…”
Section: A Resolução Interativa De Conflitosunclassified
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