The analysis of preoperative or intraoperative factors in predicting the escalation of surgical pathological staging of patients with clinical stage I endometrioid carcinoma: A retrospective clinical study

Abstract

To retrospectively analyze the preoperative and intraoperative influencing factors in predicting the escalation of surgical pathological staging in patients with clinical stage I endometrioid carcinoma. Patients with clinical stage I endometrioid carcinoma at Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, between January 2002 and December 2015 were enrolled in this study. Due to preoperative or intraoperative surgical exploration, the patients with one or more preoperative or intraoperative high-risk factors underwent total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and lymphadenectomy, totaling 535 cases. The preoperative and intraoperative influencing factors that could lead to the escalation of postoperative surgical pathological staging were further analyzed. 1. There were 535 patients diagnosed with clinical stage I endometrioid carcinoma before surgery, 125 patients were upgraded with postoperative pathological staging, for a rate of 23.36%. 2. Kaplan–Meier survival curve analysis showed that the prognosis in postoperative surgical pathological staging upgraded cases was worse than that in nonupgraded cases. The tumor-free survival and overall survival rates in the 2 groups were significantly different (P < .001). 3. Univariate analysis showed that preoperative degree of myometrial infiltration, intraoperative visual myometrial infiltration depth, massive size of tumor (diameter ≥ 4 cm) and preoperative abnormal serum cancer antigen 125 (CA125) level were associated with the escalation of surgical pathological staging (P < .05). Multivariate analysis indicated that massive size of tumor and preoperative serum abnormal CA125 level were independent predictors of whether postoperative pathological staging would be upgraded (P < .05). 4. The receiver operating characteristic curve drawn with the massive size of tumor and/or the preoperative serum CA125 level abnormality could be used to predict the probability of postoperative pathological upstaging. The results showed that the area from the combination of the 2 factors under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.723 (95% confidence interval, 0.672–0.773), suggesting that the combination of massive size of tumor and abnormal preoperative serum CA125 level may serve as an influencing factor for predicting the postoperative pathological staging upgrades. The clinical stage I endometrioid carcinoma patients with massive size of tumor and abnormal preoperative serum CA125 level need to be fully evaluated to ensure appropriate management as soon as possible, since they are more likely to experience postoperative pathological staging upgrades.