The Analysis of Portland Cement.

Blount, Bertram

doi:10.1021/ja01998a014

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In addition to critically reviewing the second series of analyses of cements, Hillebrand (1903Hillebrand ( p. 1207) recommended that the committee see to the preparation of a large sample of limestone mixture, sufficiently large to last for many years, which could be issued to all applying for it. Blount (1904) published a method for the analysis of cement. Hillebrand (1905) discussed the condition of analytical chemistry.…”

Section: And Precursors Of Geochemical Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference Samples in Geology and Geochemistry

Flanagan¹

1986

Geostandards Newsletter

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The use of geologic reference samples may have started in the last quarter of the 19th century after analysts in England, Germany, and the United States deplored the large variation in data obtained by different analysts for the same constitutent in the same sample. Early samples involved in cooperative analysis, also known as “round robins,” were mainly industrial or agricultural materials of economic value, or products derived from them. Data from some round robins were so diverse that “uniformity in analysis” was a part of early committee names. The first two geologic samples of the National Bureau of Standards were analyzed cooperatively. Samples for geology and geochemistry are classified as artificial samples or as natural materials of either economic or geochemical interest—the latter distinction not always possible. Artificial samples have been prepared in several substrates, and samples in other substrates may be limited only by the ingenuity of the analyst. The principal suppliers of samples of economic interest are discussed, by country, to show the range of samples prepared by organizations. Natural samples of geochemical interest are mentioned by sample type. Because of their intended use, some geochemical samples are restricted to analysts using specific techniques. Methods used for and precautions to be observed while preparing large or small rock samples are discussed. Excess grinding of small rock samples reduces the amount of FeO found in a rock analysis. Unavoidable contamination occurs when processing rocks in steel. Tungsten carbide, and some mechanical equipment, should be avoided. A review of the allied subjects of homogeneity of a sample, sampling errors, and size of the sample grains shows that we have reinvented the wheel since 1885. Methods used tc (1) test the homogeneity of samples, (2) eliminate outliers which some scientists reject repeatedly despite warnings of statisticians, and (3) estimate best values when the method for estimating should be part of the program for a sample are discussed. Calibration lines may be used to determine if “best values” in a series of several samples are really “best” and to furnish confidence limits for a single datum. The agreement of data by an analyst for a reference sample with data preferred by an issuing organization is usually described by one of several adjectives, a subjective procedure. A variation of a x2 method may be used if a producer specifies the exact number of data for the cooperative analytical program to be furnished by each analyst and then calculates the population estimates of the mean and standard deviation for an element in a sample. Because of the large increase in the number of reference samples of all types, a revised table listing samples that may be useful in geochemistry is included. It is not known if the samples, other than those of the U.S. Geological Survey, were collected in conformance with provisions of the Plant Pest Control Regulations of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, or of similar organizations in other ...

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Section: And Precursors Of Geochemical Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference Samples in Geology and Geochemistry

Flanagan¹

1986

Geostandards Newsletter

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition to critically reviewing the second series of analyses of cements, Hillebrand (1903Hillebrand ( p. 1207 recommended that the committee see to the preparation of a large sample of limestone mixture, sufficiently large to last for many years, which could be issued to all applying for it. Blount (1904) published a method for the analysis of cement. Hillebrand (1905) discussed the condition of analytical chemistry.…”

Section: And Precursors Of Geochemical Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference samples in geology and geochemistry

Flanagan¹

1986

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Statistical Calibration of ASTM C150 Bogue-Derived Phase Limits to Directly Determined Phases by Quantitative X-Ray Powder Diffraction

Stutzman

Leigh

2010

Journal of ASTM International

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Statistical analyses of companion Bogue (ASTM C150-07) and quantitative X-ray powder diffraction (QXRD) estimates for cement phases are used to establish the most likely linear relationship between these two measurement techniques for alite, belite, aluminate, ferrite, and for the combinations (C3S+4.75⋅C3A) and (C4AF+2⋅C3A) used to characterize heat of hydration and sulfate resistance, respectively. This cross-calibration was performed using published data from more than 194 Portland cements, spanning more than 50 years of manufacture. Each resulting calibration is a linear relationship, reported with 99 % Working–Hotelling–Scheffé confidence limits from the least-squares regression. Fieller calibration intervals are used to report bounds for the QXRD values corresponding to the Bogue limits given in ASTM C150-07, Table 1. Such bounds could allow either technique to be used for phase estimation to assess the compliance of a Portland cement.

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The Analysis of Portland Cement.

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Reference Samples in Geology and Geochemistry

Reference Samples in Geology and Geochemistry

Reference samples in geology and geochemistry

Statistical Calibration of ASTM C150 Bogue-Derived Phase Limits to Directly Determined Phases by Quantitative X-Ray Powder Diffraction

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