The analysis of image motion by the rabbit retina

Oyster, Clyde W.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1968.sp008671

Cited by 238 publications

(185 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The coupled BiSl cells may correspond to the On-Off DS cells whose preferred direction is to the anterior because this physiological subtype comprised 3844% of the On-Off DS units encountered during intraocular recording experiments (Oyster, 1968;Daw and Wyatt, 1974;He et al, 1992). On the other hand, the anterior subtype comprised only 23% of the On-Off DS units encountered by Amthor and colleagues during extracellular recordings from rabbit eyecup preparations .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Territorial organization of direction-selective ganglion cells in rabbit retina

1994

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The On-Off direction-selective (DS) ganglion cells in the rabbit retina comprise four discrete subtypes that orthogonally code the direction of image motion. This study examined the dendritic relationships between different subtypes of On-Off DS cells, which were identified by their distinctive type 1 bistratified (BiS1) morphology following the intracellular injection of a biotinylated tracer or Lucifer yellow under direct microscopic control. The dendrites of BiS1 cells that had closely spaced somata, which presumably comprised subtypes of On-Off DS cells with different preferred directions, were not randomly superimposed but were fasciculated into loose bundles. By contrast, tracer coupling revealed that neighboring On-Off DS cells of one subtype were highly territorial, providing complete coverage of the retina with minimal overlap. This mirrors, on a larger scale, the territorial organization within the dendritic tree of individual DS cells, suggesting that similar interactions shape both the branching pattern and the spatial extent of these neurons. Moreover, the dendrites at the edge of the dendritic field often formed tip-to-shaft or tip-to-tip contacts with dendrites from coupled cells, thus appearing to form closed dendritic loops that may be equivalent to those found within the dendritic tree. Consequently, the dendrites of one subtype are distributed uniformly and economically across the retina. The resulting plexus forms a strikingly regular scaffold on which the presynaptic interneurons generate direction selectivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Territorial organization of direction-selective ganglion cells in rabbit retina

1994

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“…Three functional subgroups of DSGCs have been characterized: 1) ON DSGCs respond to global motion in one of three directions: upward, downward, or anterior (Oyster 1968;Oyster and Barlow 1967); 2) OFF DSGCs respond to upward motion (Kim et al 2008 Oyster 1968; Oyster and Barlow 1967). In the rabbit retina, ON-OFF DSGCs account for about 21% of the total RGCs (Oyster 1968).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3C and Table 1), which falls into the range in the above study. ON DSGCs are counted for 5% of the total RGCs in the rabbit retina (Oyster 1968) and 3-7% in the mouse retina (Sun et al 2002;Xu and Tian 2007). Here we show ON DSGCs was ϳ10% at P30 ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subtype-dependent postnatal development of direction- and orientation-selective retinal ganglion cells in mice

Chen

Liu

Tian

2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Chen H, Liu X, Tian N. Subtype-dependent postnatal development of direction-and orientation-selective retinal ganglion cells in mice. J Neurophysiol 112: 2092J Neurophysiol 112: -2101J Neurophysiol 112: , 2014. First published August 6, 2014; doi:10.1152/jn.00320.2014.-The direction-selective ganglion cells (DSGCs) and orientation-selective ganglion cells (OSGCs) encode the directional and the orientational information of a moving object, respectively. It is unclear how DSGCs and OSGCs mature in the mouse retina during postnatal development. Here we investigated the development of DSGCs and OSGCs after eye-opening. We show that 1) DSGCs and OSGCs are present at postnatal day 12 (P12), just before eye-opening; 2) the fractions of both DSGCs and OSGCs increase from P12 to P30; 3) the development of DSGCs and OSGCs is subtype dependent; and 4) direction and orientation selectivity are two separate features of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the mouse retina. We classified RGCs into different functional subtypes based on their light response properties. Compared with P12, the direction and orientation selectivity of ON-OFF RGCs but not ON RGCs became stronger at P30. The tuning width of DSGCs for both ON and ON-OFF subtypes decreased with age. For OSGCs, we divided them into non-direction-selective (non-DS) OSGCs and direction-selective OSGCs (DS&OSGCs). For DS&OSGCs, we found that there was no correlation between the direction and orientation selectivity, and that the tuning width of both ON and ON-OFF subtypes remained unchanged with age. For non-DS OSGCs, the tuning width of ON but not ON-OFF subtype decreased with development. These findings provide a foundation to reveal the molecular and synaptic mechanisms underlying the development of the direction and orientation selectivity in the retina.retinal ganglion cell; multielectrode array; direction-selective ganglion cell; orientation-selective ganglion cell

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“…In a sense, the smooth, continuous variations of cell density and cell size from the inferior peripheral retina to the central retina conflict with electrophysiological results showing different distributions of physiological cell classes in these two regions (Levick, 1967;Oyster, 1968). This apparent dichotomy was inevitable, however, since the physiological studies pooled the cell samples from these two retinal regions.…”

Section: Ganglionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density, soma size, and regional distribution of rabbit retinal ganglion cells

Oyster¹,

Takahashi²,

Hurst³

1981

J. Neurosci.

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Cell soma area or diameter distributions are generally very skewed and present some unusual problems in characterization and description. In this study of ganglion cell soma size in rabbit retina, our conclusions are based on a statistical method which not only characterizes this particular neuronal population but which also may be of considerable value in other species and other parts of the nervous system.To facilitate comparisons between retinas, we used ganglion cell density as the measure of retinal location. The rabbit retina has a horizontally extended area centralis, the visual streak, which we show to have a uniformly high peak cell density along most of its length. Cell density maps were used to estimate the total number of ganglion cells in the retina; the mean for three retinas was about 406,000 cells, which corresponds well to an earlier count of optic nerve axons (394,000 f 20,000; Vaney, D. I., and A. Hughes (1976) J. Comp. Neurol. 170: 241-252).Contrary to other reports, we could not find any large differences in ganglion cell size distributions between the inferior peripheral retina and the visual streak nor could we confirm the report of a large cell area temporalis (Provis, J. M. (1979) J. Comp. Neurol. 185: 121-138). Cell size distributions in the superior and inferior retina were very different, however, and, within the inferior retina, there was a small but systematic change in cell size between the periphery and the visual streak. In general, small and medium size cells were present in nearly constant proportions throughout the inferior retina, while the large ganglion cells showed a small decrease in proportion from the periphery to the visual streak; the decline in large cells was a linear function of cell density. In terms of ganglion cell soma size, there was no sharp distinction between the visual streak and the peripheral retina.Soma sizes in neuronal populations have been investigated throughout the central nervous system. Among other things, soma size has been used to delimit specific nuclei or nuclear subdivisions, to characterize normal growth and development, and to demonstrate the effects of deafferentation or alteration of sensory input. In the retina, the possibility of a relationship between soma size and physiological or morphological cell classes has prompted a number of studies on ganglion cell soma size and variation with retinal location. ' We are particularly grateful to Ms. Laura Engstrand for her painstaking work on this project.

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The analysis of image motion by the rabbit retina

Cited by 238 publications

References 16 publications

Territorial organization of direction-selective ganglion cells in rabbit retina

Territorial organization of direction-selective ganglion cells in rabbit retina

Subtype-dependent postnatal development of direction- and orientation-selective retinal ganglion cells in mice

Density, soma size, and regional distribution of rabbit retinal ganglion cells

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