The Analysis of Fatty Acid Content and Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> Activity in Placenta of Cows with and without Retained Fetal Membranes

Kankofer, Marta; Wierciński, J; Kędzierski, Wojciech; Mierzyński, Radzisław

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0442.1996.tb00475.x

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Some factors such as food intake reduction and cortisol increase with subsequent cholesterol synthesis decrease can justify the decline in serum levels near parturition (ALVARENGA et al, 2015). No relationship could be detected between the concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins with the presence of puerperal uterine diseases, corroborating the results described in the literature (KANKOFER et al, 1996;OLIVEIRA et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Metabolites able to predict uterine diseases in crossbred dairy cows during the transition period

Daibert

Alvarenga

Rezende

et al. 2018

SCA

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This study aimed to identify possible metabolites able to predict puerperal uterine diseases in crossbred dairy cows (Holstein x Gir) in the transition period. We hypothesized that, as what has been observed for Holstein cows, a negative energy balance (NEB) may increase the incidence of uterine diseases. Thirtyfour lactating crossbred cows (½HG, ¼HG, ¾HG, and 5/8HG) were evaluated during prepartum (-60d and -30d), calving, and postpartum (+14d, +21d, and +35d) periods, being divided into two groups (with and without uterine diseases). NEB evaluations were based on the concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) at calving and 14 days postpartum. Nearly 1/3 of the crossbred cows presented an NEB, characterized by a significant increase in NEFA with no BHBA increase; however, it was less intense than that observed in Holstein cows during the transition period. There was a significant difference between cows with and without uterine diseases in NEFA and calcium concentrations at partum, as well as body condition score (BCS) during prepartum. In conclusion, the occurrence of uterine diseases during the transitional period is related to the BCS in the prepartum period, besides serum NEFA and calcium concentrations at partum. Key words: Body condition score. NEFA. Endometritis. Metritis. ResumoO objetivo do estudo foi identificar possíveis metabólitos no período de transição capazes de predizer a ocorrência de enfermidades uterinas puerperais em vacas leiteiras (Holandês X Gir parto (-60d e -30d), parto e pós-parto (+14d, +21d e +35d) e as fêmeas divididas em dois grupos, com e sem enfermidades uterinas. O BEN foi estabelecido com base nas concentrações de ácidos graxos não-esterificados (NEFA) e beta-hidroxibutirato (BHBA) no parto e 14 dias pós-parto. Observou-se que cerca de 1/3 das vacas mestiças passaram por BEN caracterizado por aumento significativo de NEFA e sem aumento de BHBA, porém em intensidade menor do que o observado em vacas Holandesas. Verificouse diferença significativa do escore de condição corporal (ECC) no pré-parto e das concentrações de NEFA e de cálcio no parto, entre vacas com e sem enfermidades uterinas. Conclui-se que o ECC no pré-parto e as concentrações de NEFA e cálcio no parto se relacionam com a ocorrência de enfermidades uterinas. Palavras-chave: Escore de condição corporal. NEFA. Endometrite. Metrite.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Metabolites able to predict uterine diseases in crossbred dairy cows during the transition period

Daibert

Alvarenga

Rezende

et al. 2018

SCA

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“…Angiotensin II and endothelin‐1 are thought to amplify the local endocrine cascades involving oxytocin, oxytocin receptor, and PGF2α interactions (Takagi et al, ); indeed, angiotensin‐II is known to stimulate the synthesis of prostaglandins in placental tissues via specific phospholipases (Nielsen et al, ). PLA2 activity and the content of fatty acids—such as myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linolenic, arachidic, and arachidonic acids—in maternal and fetal placental tissues obtained from cows immediately after parturition were significantly lower in RFM animals than in normal individuals (Kankofer et al, ). Lysophosphatidic acid can regulate a wide variety of cellular responses (Moolenaar, ), including the upregulation of COX2 and prostaglandin synthesis that are important for embryo development in the ewe (Liszewska et al, ).…”

Section: Putative Mechanisms Causing Defective Fetal Membrane Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in placental separation in the bovine: A review

Attupuram

Kumaresan

Narayanan

et al. 2016

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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SUMMARYRetention of fetal membranes (RFM), where the fetal placenta is not expelled within 8À12 hr after calving, lowers bovine productivity and fertility, resulting in significant economic loss to the dairy industry. Several risk factors that predispose an individual to RFM are known, but a unifying pathogenesis remains elusive due to its multifactorial etiology. Fetal membrane separation and expulsion after parturition involves structural and immunological changes of the bovine placentome that are governed predominantly by steroid hormones and the prostaglandin milieu of late pregnancy and parturition. Maturation of the placentome, a gradual and concerted event of late gestation, is likely initiated by the up-regulation of fetal major histocompatibility complex class I in the interplacentomal regionÀ Àwhich increases the apoptosis of binucleate and other trophoblastic cells, the degradation of collagen in the extracellular matrix by matrix metalloproteinases, and an influx of phagocytic leukocytes. Shear force further distorts the crypt architecture of the mature placentomes when they are forced against the fetus during the second stage of labor. Cotyledon dehiscence from the caruncular crypts is completed following fetal expulsion as a result of acute shrinkage of the cotelydonary villi as well as reduced perfusion to the caruncle; the secundinae is expelled by uterine contractions. A better understanding of placentomal maturation, intra-partum, and immediate postpartum changes of the placentome should help develop strategies for the treatment and prevention of RFM. The present review proposes a model of placentome maturation and separation of fetal membranes in the dairy cow. We hypothesize that the increased estrogen-toprogesterone ratio facilitates [an] MHC-I-dependent inflammatory response, thus driving the process of placentome maturation.

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“…The metabolism of proteoglycans and the activity of enzymes involved in it remains under the control of substances such as fatty acids (Ramasamy et al 1993), eicosanoids (Norman et al 1993) and steroid hormones (Henricks et al 1972; Hansen et al 1984; Hussain et al 1992). The levels of these substances are altered in cases of retained fetal membranes in cows (Grunert 1984; Slama et al 1993; Kankofer et al 1996). Such alterations may confirm changes observed in the activity of proteoglycan‐degrading enzymes in the processes of retaining fetal membranes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activity of Placental β‐N‐Acetyl‐Glucosaminidase in Cows with and without Retained Fetal Membranes

Kankofer¹

2000

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Contents β‐N‐acetyl‐glucosaminidase (Nagase) is one of the enzymes responsible for the metabolism of proteoglycans. It may take part in cell‐to‐cell adhesion processes and might be involved in creating the attachment between the maternal and fetal parts of the bovine placenta. The aim of the following study was the determination of Nagase activity in bovine placental tissues and the comparison of this activity between animals releasing and retaining fetal membranes. The experiment was performed on animals divided into six groups as follows: A, caesarian section before term without retained fetal membranes (n = 14); B, caesarian section before term with retained fetal membranes (n = 14); C, caesarian section at term without retained fetal membranes (n = 15); D, caesarian section at term with retained fetal membranes (n = 8); E, spontaneous delivery at term without retained fetal membranes (n = 16); F, spontaneous delivery at term with retained fetal membranes (n = 10). The enzyme activity was determined spectrofluorimetrically and expressed in nkat/mg protein. Nagase activity increased during last few days before parturition. The activity in general was lower in the fetal than in the maternal part of placenta (in five out of six) of the examined groups of animals. In the maternal part of term placenta, enzyme activity was statistically significantly higher in cases of retained fetal membranes than in control cows. In the fetal part of term placenta the opposite relationship was observed. The results obtained may indicate the involvement of Nagase in the processes of releasing/retaining bovine fetal membranes. Further experiments are necessary in order to explain the mechanisms and substances responsible for controlling the enzyme activity in the placenta.

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The Analysis of Fatty Acid Content and Phospholipase A₂ Activity in Placenta of Cows with and without Retained Fetal Membranes

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Metabolites able to predict uterine diseases in crossbred dairy cows during the transition period

Metabolites able to predict uterine diseases in crossbred dairy cows during the transition period

Cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in placental separation in the bovine: A review

Activity of Placental β‐N‐Acetyl‐Glucosaminidase in Cows with and without Retained Fetal Membranes

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The Analysis of Fatty Acid Content and Phospholipase A2 Activity in Placenta of Cows with and without Retained Fetal Membranes

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Metabolites able to predict uterine diseases in crossbred dairy cows during the transition period

Metabolites able to predict uterine diseases in crossbred dairy cows during the transition period

Cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in placental separation in the bovine: A review

Activity of Placental β‐N‐Acetyl‐Glucosaminidase in Cows with and without Retained Fetal Membranes

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Product

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The Analysis of Fatty Acid Content and Phospholipase A₂ Activity in Placenta of Cows with and without Retained Fetal Membranes