The analysis of dynamic operation of power-to-SNG system with hydrogen generator powered with renewable energy, hydrogen storage and methanation unit

Uchman, Wojciech; Skorek‐Osikowska, Anna; Jurczyk, Michał; Węcel, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2020.118802

Cited by 36 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Uchman et al [14] analyzed the impact that the hydrogen production and the hydrogen storage system have on the operation of PtSNG installations. To this aim, the authors developed a dynamic model that allows simultaneous consideration of the working time of each system component and the entire installation.…”

Section: Background and Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aspen Plus uses mathematical algorithms, based on thermodynamic models, physical relationships, and properties methods, to define mass and energy balances. The input mass streams are the water (1) entering the electrolysis unit (ELUNIT) and the CO 2 (12) feeding the methanation unit (METUNIT), whereas the output mass streams are the SNG leaving the SNG upgrading unit (SNGUP), the oxygen (4) produced by the ELUNIT, and the water (14) from the methanation unit. Each hierarchy block represents a specific section of the plant (i.e., the methanation unit, METUNIT, or the electrolysis unit, ELUNIT) and is modelled in a subflowsheet by combining operation blocks and calculator blocks for components and processes simulation.…”

Section: Plant Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SNG Generation via Power to Gas Technology: Plant Design and Annual Performance Assessment

et al. 2020

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Power to gas (PtG) is an emerging technology that allows to overcome the issues due to the increasingly widespread use of intermittent renewable energy sources (IRES). Via water electrolysis, power surplus on the electric grid is converted into hydrogen or into synthetic natural gas (SNG) that can be directly injected in the natural gas network for long-term energy storage. The core units of the Power to synthetic natural gas (PtSNG) plant are the electrolyzer and the methanation reactors where the renewable electrolytic hydrogen is converted to synthetic natural gas by adding carbon dioxide. A technical issue of the PtSNG plant is the different dynamics of the electrolysis unit and the methanation unit. The use of a hydrogen storage system can help to decouple these two subsystems and to manage the methanation unit for assuring long operation time and reducing the number of shutdowns. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the energy storage potential and the technical feasibility of the PtSNG concept to store intermittent renewable sources. Therefore, different plant sizes (1, 3, and 6 MW) have been defined and investigated by varying the ratio between the renewable electric energy sent to the plant and the total electric energy generated by the renewable energy source (RES) facility based on a 12 MW wind farm. The analysis has been carried out by developing a thermochemical and electrochemical model and a dynamic model. The first allows to predict the plant performance in steady state. The second allows to forecast the annual performance and the operation time of the plant by implementing the control strategy of the storage unit. The annual overall efficiencies are in the range of 42–44% low heating value (LHV basis). The plant load factor, i.e., the ratio between the annual chemical energy of the produced SNG and the plant capacity, results equal to 60.0%, 46.5%, and 35.4% for 1, 3, and 6 MW PtSNG sizes, respectively.

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Section: Background and Scopementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plant Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

SNG Generation via Power to Gas Technology: Plant Design and Annual Performance Assessment

et al. 2020

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“…The first case considers the connection of the PV panel to the battery through the charging controller. Electricity from photovoltaic panels PV1 was calculated based on the measured power P PV1 , and energy stored in batteries based on power calculated using Equation (9). P = P batt_charge + P load − P batt_discharge (9) In the case of hydrogen generator connected directly to the PV panels, the electricity from photovoltaic panels was determined based on the characteristic presented in Figure 13.…”

Section: Concept and Advantages Of Pv-battery-hydrogen Generator Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of frequent and dynamic changes in RES-generated power, the operation of photovoltaic and wind farms can reduce the quality of electricity in the network. Therefore, it is important to develop technologies for storing the energy generated by RES [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on System for Renewable Electricity Storage in Small Scale Integrating Photovoltaics, Batteries, and Hydrogen Generator

et al. 2020

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In this article the solution based on hydrogen generation to increase the flexibility of energy storage systems is proposed. Operating characteristics of a hydrogen generator with integrated electrical energy storage and a photovoltaic installation were determined. The key role of the electricity storage in the proposed system was to maintain the highest operating efficiency related to the nominal parameters of the hydrogen generator. The hydrogen generators achieved the highest energy efficiency for the nominal operating point at the highest power output. Lead-acid batteries were used to ensure the optimal operating conditions for the hydrogen generator supplied with renewable energy throughout the day. The proposed system reduces significantly the hydrogen generator nominal power and devices in system operate in such a way to improve their efficiency and durability. The relations between individual components and their constraints were determined. The proposed solution is fully in-line with previously investigated technologies for improving grid stability and can help incorporate renewable energy sources to increase the sustainability of the energy sector and green hydrogen production.

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“…Issues related to the environmental impact of fossilfuel-powered energy systems have recently brought increased attention towards the use of hydrogen (H 2 ), due to the intrinsic possibility of this energy carrier to produce only water vapor from its combustion. This fuel is a valuable candidate for energy storage (Liu et al, 2020), especially for the so-called seasonal storage, to exploit possible electricity surpluses during peak power production periods to efficiently generate energy during shortage ones (Uchman et al, 2020) and to also avoid selling of electricity surpluses during low market price intervals. The problem, indeed, regards today many already installed cogeneration plants, especially in Italy, having up to the recent past profited of incentives to power generation and delivery to the national grid, but that, due to a massive energy production, currently undergo economic losses due to a scenario of overall lower energy selling prices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Addition to Natural Gas in Cogeneration Engines: Optimization of Performances Through Numerical Modeling

Costa¹,

Piazzullo²,

Dolce³

2021

Front. Mech. Eng.

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A numerical study of the energy conversion process occurring in a lean-charge cogenerative engine, designed to be powered by natural gas, is here conducted to analyze its performances when fueled with mixtures of natural gas and several percentages of hydrogen. The suitability of these blends to ensure engine operations is proven through a zero–one-dimensional engine schematization, where an original combustion model is employed to account for the different laminar propagation speeds deriving from the hydrogen addition. Guidelines for engine recalibration are traced thanks to the achieved numerical results. Increasing hydrogen fractions in the blend speeds up the combustion propagation, achieving the highest brake power when a 20% of hydrogen fraction is considered. Further increase of this last would reduce the volumetric efficiency by virtue of the lower mixture density. The formation of the NOx pollutants also grows exponentially with the hydrogen fraction. Oppositely, the efficiency related to the exploitation of the exhaust gases’ enthalpy reduces with the hydrogen fraction as shorter combustion durations lead to lower temperatures at the exhaust. If the operative conditions are shifted towards leaner air-to-fuel ratios, the in-cylinder flame propagation speed decreases because of the lower amount of fuel trapped in the mixture, reducing the conversion efficiencies and the emitted nitrogen oxides at the exhaust. The link between brake power and spark timing is also highlighted: a maximum is reached at an ignition timing of 21° before top dead center for hydrogen fractions between 10 and 20%. However, the exhaust gases’ temperature also diminishes for retarded spark timings. Lastly, an optimization algorithm is implemented to individuate the optimal condition in which the engine is characterized by the highest power production with the minimum fuel consumption and related environmental impact. As a main result, hydrogen addition up to 15% in volume to natural gas in real cogeneration systems is proven as a viable route only if engine operations are shifted towards leaner air-to-fuel ratios, to avoid rapid pressure rise and excessive production of pollutant emissions.

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The analysis of dynamic operation of power-to-SNG system with hydrogen generator powered with renewable energy, hydrogen storage and methanation unit

Cited by 36 publications

References 46 publications

SNG Generation via Power to Gas Technology: Plant Design and Annual Performance Assessment

SNG Generation via Power to Gas Technology: Plant Design and Annual Performance Assessment

Investigation on System for Renewable Electricity Storage in Small Scale Integrating Photovoltaics, Batteries, and Hydrogen Generator

Hydrogen Addition to Natural Gas in Cogeneration Engines: Optimization of Performances Through Numerical Modeling

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