In recent years, the problem of urban pollution is becoming more and more serious. A large number of toxic substances are discharged, which destroy the living environment of residents and threaten people's health. Therefore, local governments are paying more and more attention to environmental problems, especially heavy metal pollution on the soil surface. The study of pollution in an area is usually divided into two aspects: on the one hand, the evaluation of pollution degree, and on the other hand, the determination of pollution sources. In this paper, the Biharmonic Spline Interpolation method is used for visual analysis of the pollution situation in the research area. And then, using the cumulative index method, the degree of heavy metal pollution in the soil of different regions can be evaluated. Finally, the Gauss diffusion model is optimized according to the actual situation, and the location of the pollution source is obtained by solving the model using the measured data.