“…Specifically, when children with autism were taught the four emotions of happiness, sadness, anger, and fear using verbal instructions or appropriate background music or specially composed songs, they improved their understanding of the selected emotions most in the background music condition (Katagiri, 2009). Further, music-based contexts have been used with success to reduce challenging behaviors such as self-injurious, aggressive, and stereotypical behaviors in children with autism (Wood, 1991; Gunter et al, 1993; Clauss, 1994; Orr et al, 1998; Brownell, 2002; Pasiali, 2004; Rapp, 2007; Devlin et al, 2008; Carnahan et al, 2009a,b; Lanovaz et al, 2009). …”