The anaerobic degradability of thermoplastic starch: Polyvinyl alcohol blends: Potential biodegradable food packaging materials

Russo, M.; O’Sullivan, Cathryn A.; Rounsefell, Beth; Halley, P. J.; Truss, R. W.; Clarke, William P.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.09.026

Cited by 122 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This is probably due to the starch and protein contained in the wheat flour component of WBF providing both C and N nutrients for microorganisms, whereas only a C-source was supplied in the purified starch of the other substrates. Generally, the foams in these BMP assays had greater CH 4 yields than results reported by previous studies on biopolymer materials: Russo et al (2009) reported less than 40ml/g COD CH 4 produced within 4 days from BMP bottles fed with maize starch/PVOH blends having similar starch/PVOH ratios to the MSBF foam used in the present study (w/w % 90:10) which produced 219.3 ml  6.2 CH 4 /gVS equivalent to 178.2  5.03 ml/g COD within the first 4 days. This may be due to possibly differences in experimental conditions but this is difficult to ascertain due to a lack of transparency in their study.…”

Section: Lca Of Light-weight Eco-compositesmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Amongst all these starch-based composites, starch: PVOH blends are of interest because of the excellent compatibility and processability of the two components (Nwufo andGriffin, 1985, Follain et al, 2005) and the improved properties of blends (Russo et al, 2009). …”

Section: Lca Of Light-weight Eco-compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The degradation of varying starch/PVOH blends was studied by Russo et al (2009) who concluded that after 900 hours of digestion PVOH was the predominant residue and that the PVOH inhibited the degradation of the starch. Their explanation for the inhibition of starch degradation was a possible formation of a continuous PVOH phase that encapsulated the starch and the inter-chain mixing and partial phase miscibility between the PVOH and starch (Russo et al, 2009). Alternatively, high degradation rates of PVOH under anaerobic conditions (66% in 22 days) have been found with PVOH/starch blends (Liu et al, 2009).…”

Section: Biodegradation Of Starch/pvoh Blends Under Different Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the source of inoculum in these studies varied, including digested sludge from active reactors or the laboratory feeding digesters; in addition, some key parameters such as the activity of the inoculum, load of substrate, ratio of substrate to inoculum are not indicated clearly (Pseja et al, 2006, Russo et al, 2009). …”

Section: Biodegradation Of Starch/pvoh Blends Under Different Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have been conducted on the biodegradability of PVOH and PVOH/starch based blends under various environmental conditions (Chiellini et al, 2003, Matsumura et al, 1993, Pseja et al, 2006, Russo et al, 2009); a detailed review is presented below.…”

Section: Introduction 34mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Light-Weight Eco-composites

Guo¹

2012

Springer Theses

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LCA of Light-weight Eco-composites Statement of originality 2 Statement of originalityI hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person.Contributions made to the research of this thesis by others, with whom I have worked with are explicitly acknowledged. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others with data collection and modification of process-oriented model DNDC is acknowledged. Miao GuoSep 2010 LCA of Light-weight Eco-compositesAbstract 3 AbstractThe environmental profiles of novel wheat based foam materials were investigated in this thesis using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods. The LCAs were developed using primary data collected from industrial sources combined with new laboratory experiments supplemented with secondary data from publicly available sources.Laboratory research was conducted to obtain important missing data on WBFs for the LCA modelling, including physico-chemical parameters, biodegradability and energy recovery under anaerobic digestion conditions.Contribution analysis suggested that the emissions evolved from the wheat agroecosystem and PVOH production, together with the energy and infrastructure involved in WBF production were the major contributors to the environmental burdens of the WBF life cycle in most impact categories. The atmospheric emissions resulting from WBF degradation at the end-of-life also emerged as another important contributor to environmental impact. Amongst the diverse ‗end-of-life' scenarios examined, AD and home composting were suggested to be the optimum choices for WBF waste treatment. This research discusses two N 2 O modelling approaches and presents a method to expand the system boundary by integrating the process-oriented model DNDC for field emissions into the LCA. Sensitivity analysis suggests that the environmental profiles of agricultural products are influenced substantially by the system boundary definition. LCA of Light-weight Eco-compositesAbstract 4 Furthermore, it suggests that the ‗general rule' in LCA practice by applying an empirical model or a default emission factor (EF) could deliver unreliable LCA findings.This study also evaluated the sensitivity of the LCA results to methodology and data variations and quantified the uncertainties in the LCA outcomes arising from uncertainty in the inventory and data variability. This has led to an increase in confidence in the LCA findings. At the same time it indicates the areas where improvements in data or methods are needed in order for robust conclusions to be drawn and unbiased information to be delivered e.g. the methodological rigidity of characterization models, the IPCC Tier 1 EF uncertainty range. LCA of Light-weight Eco-compositesAcknowledgements 5

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Section: Lca Of Light-weight Eco-compositesmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Lca Of Light-weight Eco-compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%