The Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Oxandrolone in the Treatment of Wasting and Catabolic Disorders

Orr, Rhonda

doi:10.2165/00003495-200464070-00004

Cited by 151 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…13 The administration of oxandrolone in combination with a progressive resistance exercise program resulted in significantly higher gains in LBM and strength compared with patients who participated in the exercise program alone. 14 Berger et al 15 found that HIV-positive men treated with oxandrolone showed significant improvements in weight, appetite, and activity when compared with the placebo group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Effects of Oxandrolone and Exercise on Muscle Mass and Function in Children With Severe Burns

2007

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OBJECTIVES-Severe burns are associated with a significant loss of muscle and strength. Studies have reported that oxandrolone improves lean body mass in muscle-wasting conditions. Also shown previously in burned children is that an exercise program increases lean body mass and muscle strength. We hypothesized that oxandrolone, in combination with exercise, would increase lean body mass and muscle strength in severely burned children more than oxandrolone alone or exercise alone.METHODS AND PATIENTS-Fifty-one burned children (≥40% total body surface area burned) were randomly assigned to receive oxandrolone alone (0.1 mg/kg per day orally; n = 9), oxandrolone and exercise (n = 14), placebo and no exercise (n = 11), or placebo and exercise (n = 17). Administration of oxandrolone was started at discharge and continued until 1 year after burn. The 12-week exercise training program was started 6 months after burn. Serum hormones, lean body mass, muscle strength, and peak cardiopulmonary capacity were assessed at 6 (baseline) and 9 months after burn. Data were analyzed using a 1-way analysis of variance, and significance was set at P < . 05. RESULTS-The mean percentage of change or increase in weight and lean body mass in the oxandrolone and exercise group was significant compared with placebo and exercise, as well as with the oxandrolone alone group or placebo and no exercise group. Furthermore, lean body mass was significantly improved in the oxandrolone and exercise, oxandrolone alone, and placebo and exercise group compared with the group only receiving placebo. Muscle strength significantly increased in oxandrolone and exercise, placebo and exercise, and the oxandrolone alone group when compared with the placebo and no exercise group. The peak cardiopulmonary capacity was significantly higher in both exercise groups. Insulin-like growth factor 1 was significantly increased in the oxandrolone alone group compared with placebo and exercise and placebo and no exercise. Both exercise groups showed significant changes in insulin-like binding-protein-3 when compared with groups without exercise.CONCLUSIONS-Oxandrolone, in combination with exercise, is beneficial in severely burned children, thus improving their rehabilitation. Keywordsburns; exercise; hormones; lean mass; oxandrolone Severe burns are physically and psychologically catastrophic. Severely burned children have an elevated resting energy expenditure, whole body catabolism, and muscle weakness, which are worsened by prolonged bed rest and physical inactivity. 1,2Address correspondence to Oscar E. Suman, PhD, Children's Wellness and Exercise Center, Shriners Hospitals for Children, 815 Market St, Galveston, TX 77550. E-mail: oesuman@utmb.edu. The authors have indicated they have no financial relationships relevant to this article to disclose. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptPediatrics. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2008 May 5. Published in final edited form as:Pediatrics. 2007 January ; 119(1): e109-e116. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Autho...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Effects of Oxandrolone and Exercise on Muscle Mass and Function in Children With Severe Burns

2007

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“…Androgens, including testosterone and synthetic derivatives known as anabolic-androgenic steroids, are therapeutically used for some types of muscle wasting (Orr & Fiatarone Singh 2004) and are widely abused in sport as anabolic agents. Abundant evidence indicates that androgens, such as testosterone, promote skeletal muscle mass in men , Marin et al 1992, Ferrando et al 2002, Schroeder et al 2003.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subcellular effects of myocyte-specific androgen receptor overexpression in mice

Musa

Fernando

Chatterjee

et al. 2011

Journal of Endocrinology

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Although androgen receptor (AR) within myocytes is thought to mediate many of the effects of testosterone and other androgens on skeletal muscle, little is known about the functions of AR within these cells. We, therefore, studied the ultrastructure of skeletal muscle of HSA-AR transgenic (Tg) mice that overexpress AR selectively in myocytes and exhibit neuromuscular atrophy. We examined male HSA-AR mice from two different founding lines: L78 (lower copy number and less severe phenotype) and L141 (higher copy number and more severe phenotype) and compared these to wild-type (Wt) brothers. We also examined testosterone-treated female mice from these two lines and compared them both to their Wt sisters and to vehicle-treated controls. Ultrastructural examination of extensor digitorum longus sections using transmission electron microscopy revealed remarkably disorganized myofibrils in male Tg and testosterone-treated female Tg mice. Quantification of ultrastructural pathology indicated reduced myofibril width, hypertrophic and hyperplastic intermyofibrillar mitochondria, and pronounced glycogen accumulation in HSA-AR males of both lines. Reduced myofibrillar width and increases in mitochondrial number, size, and volume density were also observed in testosterone-treated HSA-AR females, although glycogen accumulation was not observed. Structural abnormalities in mitochondria were also associated with increases in electron transport chain activity and systemic resting metabolic rate, indicative of hypermetabolism. We find that overexpression of AR in myocytes of HSA-AR mice results in alterations in myofibrils, mitochondria, and glycogen. Alterations in myofibrils and mitochondria appear to result from acute actions of testosterone, whereas those on glycogen do not. Pathology of myofibrils and/or mitochondria may, therefore, mediate in part the neuromuscular atrophy observed in HSA-AR mice.

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“…If this had been Becker muscular dystrophy, we may consider steroid therapy, given that his function seemed to be worsening during the previous several months. 15 However, we would not consider steroid therapy for Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Follow-up and comprehensive consultation with a cardiologist is essential in these cases.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

External and Internal Influences on Muscle Pathology

McKeever

Camelo-Piragua

Dowling

2012

Archives of Pathology &Amp; Laboratory Medicine

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Three cases of different types of neuromuscular diseases demonstrate different muscle responses to external stress or intrinsic muscle abnormalities. The first muscle biopsy shows stenosis of its vessels causing acute muscle ischemia, stress from an external vascular disease. The muscle response is similar to the cellular necrosis seen in primary muscle diseases (myopathies), but the histologic pattern is more focal than most myopathies. The second muscle biopsy demonstrates the effects of external motor nerve injury or disease causing groups of muscle fibers to atrophy. If a nerve reinnervates the muscle, it changes the fiber types in distinct patterns. The third muscle biopsy shows an intrinsic muscle abnormality causes chronic failure of the muscle fibers to thrive and repeated attempts by the fibers to regenerate, stimulating other tissue repair processes, like fibrosis, to change the muscle. Depending on the etiologic factor, muscle will respond to internal and external influences in different manners.

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The Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Oxandrolone in the Treatment of Wasting and Catabolic Disorders

Cited by 151 publications

References 91 publications

The Effects of Oxandrolone and Exercise on Muscle Mass and Function in Children With Severe Burns

The Effects of Oxandrolone and Exercise on Muscle Mass and Function in Children With Severe Burns

Subcellular effects of myocyte-specific androgen receptor overexpression in mice

External and Internal Influences on Muscle Pathology

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