The an11 locus controlling flower pigmentation in petunia encodes a novel WD-repeat protein conserved in yeast, plants, and animals.

Vetten, Nick de; Quattrocchio, Francesca; Mol, J.A.; Koes, Ronald

doi:10.1101/gad.11.11.1422

Cited by 353 publications

(335 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Although we have shown that ODO1 is capable of activating the EPSPS promoter directly ( Figure 5C), it remains to be investigated whether ODO1 interacts with specific sequences in promoters either alone or in concert with other regulatory proteins or whether it influences the activity of other transcription factors. Perhaps it would be useful to focus on anthocyanin biosynthesis in petunia petals, which is regulated by the R2R3-type MYB AN2, the basic-helix-loop-helix-protein AN1, and the WD40 protein AN11 (De Vetten et al, 1997;Spelt et al, 2000Spelt et al, , 2002. The transcriptional network controlling scent production and emission can now be investigated using ODO1 as a starting point.…”

Section: Color and Scent Production Occur At Different Developmentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

ODORANT1Regulates Fragrance Biosynthesis in Petunia Flowers

et al. 2005

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Floral scent is important to plant reproduction because it attracts pollinators to the sexual organs. Therefore, volatile emission is usually tuned to the foraging activity of the pollinators. In Petunia hybrida, volatile benzenoids determine the floral aroma. Although the pathways for benzenoid biosynthesis have been characterized, the enzymes involved are less well understood. How production and emission are regulated is unknown. By targeted transcriptome analyses, we identified ODORANT1 (ODO1), a member of the R2R3-type MYB family, as a candidate for the regulation of volatile benzenoids in Petunia hybrida cv W115 (Mitchell) flowers. These flowers are only fragrant in the evening and at night. Transcript levels of ODO1 increased before the onset of volatile emission and decreased when volatile emission declined. Downregulation of ODO1 in transgenic P. hybrida Mitchell plants strongly reduced volatile benzenoid levels through decreased synthesis of precursors from the shikimate pathway. The transcript levels of several genes in this pathway were reduced by suppression of ODO1 expression. Moreover, ODO1 could activate the promoter of the 5-enol-pyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene. Flower pigmentation, which is furnished from the same shikimate precursors, was not influenced because color and scent biosynthesis occur at different developmental stages. Our studies identify ODO1 as a key regulator of floral scent biosynthesis.

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Section: Color and Scent Production Occur At Different Developmentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

ODORANT1Regulates Fragrance Biosynthesis in Petunia Flowers

et al. 2005

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“…The an11 locus encodes a highly conserved WD40 repeat protein that is localized in the cytosol. Because an11 Ϫ mutants can be rescued, at least partially, by overexpression of AN2, we previously suggested that AN11 may post-translationally regulate the activity of the anthocyanin transcription factors by an as yet unknown mechanism (de Vetten et al, 1997). The observation that mutation of the Arabidopsis transparent testa glabra ( ttg ) gene, encoding a homologous WD40 protein (Walker et al, 1999), can be complemented by (over)expression of R1 from maize points in the same direction (Lloyd et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transient expression assays were performed by particle bombardment of petunia W115 leaves, as described previously (de Vetten et al, 1997;Quattrocchio et al, 1998) …”

Section: Expression Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

anthocyanin1 of Petunia Encodes a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Protein That Directly Activates Transcription of Structural Anthocyanin Genes

Spelt¹,

Quattrocchio²,

Mol³

et al. 2000

The Plant Cell

162

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The petunia loci anthocyanin1 ( an1 ), an2 , an4 , and an11 are required for the transcription of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in floral organs. The an2 and an11 loci were recently cloned and shown to encode a MYB-domain transcriptional activator and a cytosolic WD40 protein, respectively. Here, we report the isolation of an1 by transposon tagging. an1 encodes a new member of the basic helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors that is functionally and evolutionarily distinct from JAF13, the apparent petunia ortholog of maize RED1 and snapdragon DELILA. We provide genetic evidence that the transcription factors encoded by an1 , an2 , and an4 operate in an unexpectedly complex regulatory hierarchy. In leaves, ectopic expression of AN2 induces an1 expression, whereas in anthers, an1 expression depends on an4 , encoding (or controlling) a MYB protein that is paralogous to AN2. Experiments with transgenic plants expressing a post-translationally controlled AN1-GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR fusion protein indicated that independent of protein synthesis, AN1 directly activates the expression of the dfrA gene encoding the enzyme dihydroflavonol 4-reductase and of Pmyb27 encoding a MYB-domain protein of unknown function.

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“…PhAN1, PhAN2 and PhAN11 are genes controlling both pigmentation and vacuolar pH in petunia petals. 8,9,10 Petunia also has a series of PhPH genes regulating vacuolar pH in the petals. 11,12,13 Because anthocyanins are accumulated in the vacuole and their colors change with pH (reddish at lower pH and bluish at higher pH), the PhPH genes also regulate petal color.…”

Section: Five Genes Affecting Anthocyanin Colormentioning

confidence: 99%

A chimeric repressor of petunia PH4 R2R3-MYB family transcription factor generates margined flowers in torenia

Kasajima

Sasaki

2016

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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The development of new phenotypes is key to the commercial development of the main floricultural species and cultivars. Important new phenotypes include features such as multiple-flowers, color variations, increased flower size, new petal shapes, variegation and distinctive petal margin colourations. Although their commercial use is not yet common, the transgenic technologies provide a potentially rapid means of generating interesting new phenotypes. In this report, we construct 5 vectors which we expected to change the color of the flower anthocyanins, from purple to blue, regulating vacuolar pH. When these constructs were transformed into purple torenia, we unexpectedly recovered some genotypes having slightly margined petals. These transgenic lines expressed a chimeric repressor of the petunia PhPH4 gene under the control of Cauliflower mosaic virus 35 S RNA promoter. PhPH4 is an R2R3-type MYB transcription factor. The transgenic lines lacked pigmentation in the petal margin cells both on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces. Expressions of Flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), Flavonoid 3 0 -hydroxylase (F3 0 H) and Flavonoid 3 0 5 0 -hydroxylase (F3 0 5 0 H) genes were reduced in the margins of these transgenic lines, suggesting an inhibitory effect of PhPH4 repressor on anthocyanin synthesis.

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The an11 locus controlling flower pigmentation in petunia encodes a novel WD-repeat protein conserved in yeast, plants, and animals.

Cited by 353 publications

References 50 publications

ODORANT1Regulates Fragrance Biosynthesis in Petunia Flowers

ODORANT1Regulates Fragrance Biosynthesis in Petunia Flowers

anthocyanin1 of Petunia Encodes a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Protein That Directly Activates Transcription of Structural Anthocyanin Genes

A chimeric repressor of petunia PH4 R2R3-MYB family transcription factor generates margined flowers in torenia

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