The amylase and maltase of <i>Clostridium acetobutylicum</i>

Hockenhull, D. J. D.; Herbert, D.

doi:10.1042/bj0390102

Cited by 57 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…The separation of the amylase and maltase activities in the extracts was attempted by the method of Hockenhull & Herbert (1945). An ice-cold mixture of enzyme solution (5 ml.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biochemistry of rumen protozoa. 3. The carbohydrate metabolism of Entodinium

Akkada¹,

Howard²

1960

Biochemical Journal

108

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The rumens of sheep and cattle commonly contain ciliate Protozoa belonging to numerous genera. The biochemical study of these organisms has been hampered in the past by the difficulty of separating the different types from bacteria, and from one another, in sufficient quantity. The conventional bacterial pure-culture techniques have not so far proved applicable to these organisms, and investigators have therefore had to rely mainly upon alterations to the ruminant's diet, and various manipulations of the rumen liquor in vitro, in attempts to obtain suspensions of individual types of Protozoa. A technique of considerable value in this field was originated by Eadie & Oxford (1957), who found that many species of Protozoa could be eliminated from the sheep rumen by emptying and thorough washing of that organ. In a number of sheep treated in this way, only the smaller species of the oligotrich ciliate Entodinium survived the emptying procedure. It was further found (J. M. Eadie, personal communication, 1958) that when the diet of a treated sheep was altered by including a moderate amount of starchy foods, the numbers of entodinia present in the rumen increased to such an extent that suspensions of mixed Entodinium species, free from other Protozoa, and almost free from bacteria, could readily be prepared from the rumen liquor. Because Entodinium can, under many feeding regimes, be the predominant protozoal genus in the rumen, and because the biochemistry of these organisms has not been studied previously, the present investigation was undertaken. Some of our observations have already been reported briefly (Abou Akkada, Hobson & Howard, 1959). MATERIALS AND METHODSSheep as source of entodinia. The single sheep (no. 105) which served throughout these experiments had previously had its rumen fauna partially removed by the method of Eadie & Oxford (1957), and thereafter was kept isolated from other ruminants. Before the present work was commenced it had been inoculated with Dasytricha ruminantium, but during our experiments only very small numbers * Part 2: Howard (1959b). of this organism were present. In addition to a feed of hay (450 g.) morning and afternoon, the sheep was offered daily 450 g. of a concentrates ration, approximately threequarters of which consisted of ground maize and crushed oats.Preparation of protozoal suspensions. Samples of rumen liquor were withdrawn 3 hr. after the concentrates meal, strained through gauze and mixed in a separating funnel with an equal volume of the bicarbonate buffer solution described below (cf. Oxford, 1958). All manipulations and incubation of protozoa were carried out at 380. During incubation for 1 hr. the entodinia settled to the bottom of the funnel as a grey-white layer, which was run off into boiling tubes containing the buffer solution. From this stage onwards the buffer solutions used always contained chloramphenicol (50,ug./ml.) to suppress bacteria. After threefold washing by decantation, the protozoa formed a clean white layer in the bottom of the tubes. Micr...

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“…The separation of the amylase and maltase activities in the extracts was attempted by the method of Hockenhull & Herbert (1945). An ice-cold mixture of enzyme solution (5 ml.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biochemistry of rumen protozoa. 3. The carbohydrate metabolism of Entodinium

Akkada¹,

Howard²

1960

Biochemical Journal

108

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“…Apparently the first mention of GA production by clostridia was by Hockenhull and Herbert [4], who labeled the glucose-producing activity made by Clostridium acetobutylicum as a maltase. Some years later Ensley et al [5] and Chojecki and Blaschek [6] found that the same species produced GA mainly extracellularly, but in low activities.…”

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confidence: 99%

Production, Purification, and Characterization ofThermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum Glucoamylase

Feng¹,

Berensmeier²,

Buchholz³

et al. 2002

Starch/Stärke

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Glucoamylase from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum ATCC 7956 (DSM 571) was produced in extracellular form. It was purified to homogeneity by two separate methods, one with two chromatographic steps and the other with three. This glucoamylase is closely related to glucoamylases from Clostridium sp. G0005 and T. thermosaccharolyticum DSM 572. Activities and KM values with maltose substrate are less than one‐tenth and about fourfold, respectively, those of Aspergillus niger glucoamylase. T. thermosaccharolyticum glucoamylase is about twenty times as thermostable as A. niger glucoamylase and its optimal pH is somewhat higher at 4.9; however, it is produced in much lower activities. Sorbitol strongly stabilizes A. niger glucoamylase.

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“…Ethanol is required for the adsorption. The amylase from Clostridium acetobutylicum was purified 33-fold by one adsorption from an alcoholic solution at low salt concentration; a high salt concentration prevents the adsorption (84). This method has been frequently used (59,149).…”

Section: Specqic Adsorbents and Eluantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption Studies of Enzymes and Other Proteins

Zittle¹

1953

Advances in Enzymology - And Related Areas of Molecular Biology

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The amylase and maltase of Clostridium acetobutylicum

Cited by 57 publications

References 4 publications

The biochemistry of rumen protozoa. 3. The carbohydrate metabolism of Entodinium

The biochemistry of rumen protozoa. 3. The carbohydrate metabolism of Entodinium

Production, Purification, and Characterization ofThermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum Glucoamylase

Adsorption Studies of Enzymes and Other Proteins

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