The Amygdala

Medina, Loreta; Abellán, Antonio; Vicario, Alba; Castro-Robles, Beatriz; Desfilis, Ester

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804042-3.00019-1

Cited by 29 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 342 publications

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“…Ventrocaudal Pallium (VCP). This pallial division was recently defined in chicken and mouse to refer to a sector caudal and lateral with respect to the VP, showing extremely strong expression of Lhx9 , and moderate expression of Lhx2 and Emx1 in vz and mantle, giving rise to the arcopallium in chicken and a posterior part of the pallial amygdala in mouse (Abellán et al, ; Medina, Abellán, Vicario, Castro‐Robles, & Desfilis, ). A comparable division with the same topological location and gene expression profile is present in P. algirus (Figures b–h, j–m, 10d–h, and 11i) and appears to produce a posterior or caudal part of LC (LCp) (Figures b, b, and i,j) and the dorsolateral amygdala (DLA) (Figures f,g, c–f, j–l, and 10e–g).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the tetrapartite model has been very useful for the progress in our understanding of the pallium and its evolution, when comparing mouse and chicken we observed difficulties for explaining the expression patterns of an increasingly large list of developmental regulatory genes and for comparing pallial structures such as the entorhinal cortex and caudal parts of the pallial amygdala across species. This led us to propose a modification of the tetrapartite model, including not four but six pallial divisions (hexapartite model; Abellán et al, ; Medina et al, ), which is at present under evaluation (Tables and ). Based on their relative positions, these divisions are the medial, dorsal, dorsolateral (dorsolateral‐caudal in Abellán et al, ), lateral, ventral, and ventrocaudal (ventrolateral‐caudal in Abellán et al, ) pallia (Abellán et al, ; Medina et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This led us to propose a modification of the tetrapartite model, including not four but six pallial divisions (hexapartite model; Abellán et al, ; Medina et al, ), which is at present under evaluation (Tables and ). Based on their relative positions, these divisions are the medial, dorsal, dorsolateral (dorsolateral‐caudal in Abellán et al, ), lateral, ventral, and ventrocaudal (ventrolateral‐caudal in Abellán et al, ) pallia (Abellán et al, ; Medina et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among sensory systems, olfaction is considered the most universal for navigation and for emotional/social memories (Jacobs, Arter, Cook, & Sulloway, ). Based on their connections and known functions, the medial and lateral entorhinal cortices (and their homologues in sauropsids), in association with the hippocampal formation and other structures as the amygdala (Gnatkovsky et al, ; Medina et al, ), are possibly involved in the formation of olfactory memories and the olfactory‐mediated orientation and navigation described in different vertebrates, including sea turtles (Manton, Karr, & Ehrenfeld, ), homing pigeons (Gagliardo, ; Papi, ), hamsters (Tomlinson & Johnston, ), and humans (Jacobs et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, based on the relative (topological) position with respect to DLA and NS, as well as the expression of Lhx9, Emx1, and Lhx2, it appears that the nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract (Naot), the lateral amygdala (LA) and the posterior ventral amygdala (VPA), as identified in some lizards and snakes (Lanuza et al, ; Martínez‐Marcos et al, ; Smeets, Hoogland, & Lohman, ), are all part of the VCP. In mammals, the VCP also produces a posterior part of the amygdala, including posterior parts of the basal complex and cortical amygdalar areas, the accessory olfactory nucleus, layer 2 of nucleus of the olfactory tract, as well as the amygdalohippocampal complex (or part of it; Medina et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expression of regulatory genes in the embryonic brain of a lizard and implications for understanding pallial organization and evolution

Desfilis

Abellán

Sentandreu

et al. 2017

J of Comparative Neurology

179

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The comparison of gene expression patterns in the embryonic brain of mouse and chicken is being essential for understanding pallial organization. However, the scarcity of gene expression data in reptiles, crucial for understanding evolution, makes it difficult to identify homologues of pallial divisions in different amniotes. We cloned and analyzed the expression of the genes Emx1, Lhx2, Lhx9, and Tbr1 in the embryonic telencephalon of the lacertid lizard Psammodromus algirus. The comparative expression patterns of these genes, critical for pallial development, are better understood when using a recently proposed six‐part model of pallial divisions. The lizard medial pallium, expressing all genes, includes the medial and dorsomedial cortices, and the majority of the dorsal cortex, except the region of the lateral cortical superposition. The latter is rich in Lhx9 expression, being excluded as a candidate of dorsal or lateral pallia, and may belong to a distinct dorsolateral pallium, which extends from rostral to caudal levels. Thus, the neocortex homolog cannot be found in the classical reptilian dorsal cortex, but perhaps in a small Emx1‐expressing/Lhx9‐negative area at the front of the telencephalon, resembling the avian hyperpallium. The ventral pallium, expressing Lhx9, but not Emx1, gives rise to the dorsal ventricular ridge and appears comparable to the avian nidopallium. We also identified a distinct ventrocaudal pallial sector comparable to the avian arcopallium and to part of the mammalian pallial amygdala. These data open new venues for understanding the organization and evolution of the pallium.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Expression of regulatory genes in the embryonic brain of a lizard and implications for understanding pallial organization and evolution

Desfilis

Abellán

Sentandreu

et al. 2017

J of Comparative Neurology

179

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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A novel telencephalon‐opto‐hypothalamic morphogenetic domain coexpressing Foxg1 and Otp produces most of the glutamatergic neurons of the medial extended amygdala

et al. 2021

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Deficits in social cognition and behavior are a hallmark of many psychiatric disorders. The medial extended amygdala, including the medial amygdala and the medial bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, is a key component of functional networks involved in sociality. However, this nuclear complex is highly heterogeneous and contains numerous GABAergic and glutamatergic neuron subpopulations. Deciphering the connections of different neurons is essential in order to understand how this structure regulates different aspects of sociality, and it is necessary to evaluate their differential implication in distinct mental disorders. Developmental studies in different vertebrates are offering new venues to understand neuronal diversity of the medial extended amygdala and are helping to establish a relation between the embryonic origin and molecular signature of distinct neurons with the functional subcircuits in which they are engaged. These studies have provided many details on the distinct GABAergic neurons of the medial extended amygdala, but information on the glutamatergic neurons is still scarce. Using an Otp‐eGFP transgenic mouse and multiple fluorescent labeling, we show that most glutamatergic neurons of the medial extended amygdala originate in a distinct telencephalon‐opto‐hypothalamic embryonic domain (TOH), located at the transition between telencephalon and hypothalamus, which produces Otp‐lineage neurons expressing the telencephalic marker Foxg1 but not Nkx2.1 during development. These glutamatergic cells include a subpopulation of projection neurons of the medial amygdala, which activation has been previously shown to promote autistic‐like behavior. Our data open new venues for studying the implication of this neuron subtype in neurodevelopmental disorders producing social deficits.

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Subpopulations of corticotropin‐releasing factor containing neurons and internal circuits in the chicken central extended amygdala

Pross,

Metwalli,

Abellán

et al. 2023

J of Comparative Neurology

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In mammals, the central extended amygdala is critical for the regulation of the stress response. This regulation is extremely complex, involving multiple subpopulations of GABAergic neurons and complex networks of internal and external connections. Two neuron subpopulations expressing corticotropin‐releasing factor (CRF), located in the central amygdala and the lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTL), play a key role in the long‐term component of fear learning and in sustained fear responses akin to anxiety. Very little is known about the regulation of stress by the amygdala in nonmammals, hindering efforts for trying to improve animal welfare. In birds, one of the major problems relates to the high evolutionary divergence of the telencephalon, where the amygdala is located. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the presence of CRF neurons of the central extended amygdala in chicken and the local connections within this region. We found two major subpopulations of CRF cells in BSTL and the medial capsular central amygdala of chicken. Based on multiple labeling of CRF mRNA with different developmental transcription factors, all CRF neurons seem to originate within the telencephalon since they express Foxg1, and there are two subtypes with different embryonic origins that express Islet1 or Pax6. In addition, we demonstrated direct projections from Pax6 cells of the capsular central amygdala to BSTL and the oval central amygdala. We also found projections from Islet1 cells of the oval central amygdala to BSTL, which may constitute an indirect pathway for the regulation of BSTL output cells. Part of these projections may be mediated by CRF cells, in agreement with the expression of CRF receptors in both Ceov and BSTL. Our results show a complex organization of the central extended amygdala in chicken and open new venues for studying how different cells and circuits regulate stress in these animals.

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The Amygdala

Cited by 29 publications

References 342 publications

Expression of regulatory genes in the embryonic brain of a lizard and implications for understanding pallial organization and evolution

Expression of regulatory genes in the embryonic brain of a lizard and implications for understanding pallial organization and evolution

A novel telencephalon‐opto‐hypothalamic morphogenetic domain coexpressing Foxg1 and Otp produces most of the glutamatergic neurons of the medial extended amygdala

Subpopulations of corticotropin‐releasing factor containing neurons and internal circuits in the chicken central extended amygdala

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