The Amphoteric Ion Exchange Membrane Based on CS/CMC for Tobacco-Protein Adsorption and Separation from Tobacco Extract

Abstract

A macroporous amphoteric ion exchange membrane was prepared by blending chitosan (CS) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in aqueous solution, with glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent and silica particles as porogens. The good compatibility between CS and CMC was confirmed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR). A scanning electron microscope was used to observe the morphology of CS/CMC blend membranes, in which a three-dimensional opening structure was formed, and no phase separation was discovered. Tobacco extract was used as a separation model to get tobacco protein. And the effects of the pH value, adsorption time, CS/CMC content, initial protein concentration, and CS/CMC composition on tobacco protein adsorption were investigated by coomassie blue staining during the adsorption process. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of 271.78 mg/g can be achieved under the condition of pH 6.15, adsorption time of 8 h, initial protein concentration of 1.52 mg/mL, and CS/CMC weight of 0.05 g with a mass ratio of 80 : 20. Tobacco proteins were successfully separated from tobacco extract by adjusting the pH of the feed and the desorption solutions to change their electrostatic force. It was found that the high desorption capacity and protein desorption efficiency can be achieved at pH 9.40. The blend membranes also demonstrated good reusability after 3 adsorption-desorption cycles.

Cellulose/Chitosan Composite Sponge for Efficient Protein Adsorption

“…The same BSA adsorption capacity was reported in many previous stud-ies. 30,42,44 In addition, the CECSS showed a faster adsorption capacity compared with other materials with the same chitosan content. These results were attributed to the fact that the fraction of positive charges and the hierarchical cellular structure of CECSS increase with the increase of chitosan content, which improved the electrostatic interactions and contact area between protonated chitosan amino groups and dissociated carboxyl groups of BSA.…”

“…Recently, we have designed and fabricated a novel cellulose sponge with favorable antibacterial properties using the abovementioned approaches, in which Glauber salt is added into viscose as a pore-forming agent to ensure the porous structure of the sponge. Simultaneously, given the excellent chemical properties and number of reactive groups, several researchers have focused on this process to fabricate composite chitosan fibers or films. − In addition, given the same molecular structure, chitosan can be turned into chitosan xanthate (chitosan viscose) through the viscose process, which can achieve a more homogeneous distribution of chitosan in the cellulose by mixing two types of viscose.…”

Banana peel bio-waste hydrogels modified with carboxymethyl groups for the removal of cationic dyes

“…When the BP and CS spectra are compared (see Figure 1B), it is possible to notice the band corresponding to lignin, 1620 cm -1 , and a signal at 1718 cm -1 by the vibration of the C=O of the BP hemicellulose. On the other hand, in the BP-CMC spectrum (see Figure 1A), an intense band is observed at 1585 cm -1 , corresponding to the vibration of the C=O of the carboxymethyl group, shifted to a lower wavenumber because of the effect of the electronic pair on the adjacent oxygen (Ling et al, 2019). These results indicate that chemical modification of the lignocellulosic material in the BP sample occurred.…”

Tobacco as bioenergy and medical plant for biofuels and bioproduction

“…Ling et al developed a macroporous amphiphilic ion exchange membrane using chitosan (CS) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to extract tobacco proteins. The membrane demonstrated the capability to obtain high-purity proteins that could be recycled [ 105 ]. Shi et al utilized hollow fiber ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes to extract and desalinate tobacco proteins, achieving a maximum purity of 98.5% [ 106 ].…”