The Amount of Manganese Required to Prevent Perosis in the Chick

Gallup, Willis D.; Norris, L. C.

doi:10.3382/ps.0180076

Cited by 53 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This result was confirmed later by the same research group (Watson et al, 1971). Manganese supplementation up to 1000 mg kg -1 diet from various sources has been reported to be non-toxic (Gallup and Norris, 1939;Black et al, 1985;Miles et al, 2003).…”

Section: ® Mn For All Speciessupporting

confidence: 75%

Safety and efficacy of Mintrex®Mn (Manganese chelate of hydroxy analogue of methionine) as feed additive for all species - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed

Högstrand¹

2008

EFSA Journal

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SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the European Food Safety Authority was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of a manganese chelate of the hydroxy analogue of methionine (Mintrex ® Mn) as a feed additive for all species.Mintrex ® Mn contains a minimum of 16 % manganese and 76 % hydroxy methionine analogue ((2-hydroxy-4-methylthio)butanoic acid, HMTBa), as shown from analyses of the product. It is intended to be used as a source of the essential trace element manganese. Manganese (in several forms) and HMTBa are already separately authorised as nutritional feed additives in the European Union.In a study on chickens for fattening using a wide dose range, Mintrex No specific studies on tolerance in target animals to Mintrex ® Mn were provided. The efficacy study, which included supplemented doses of up to 800 mg manganese kg -1 diet, provided some evidence of safety but alone was not adequate to draw conclusions on the safety for target animals. However, considering the published data on manganese tolerance in poultry with other manganese sources, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) concludes that manganese from Mintrex ® Mn is safe for chickens for fattening. There is evidence that chickens for fattening are not the most sensitive animal species/category to manganese toxicity. Therefore, the FEEDAP Panel is unable to extend its conclusion on chickens for fattening to other animal species.Based on the data from acute toxicity and genotoxicity studies, the FEEDAP Panel considers that Mintrex ® Mn does not introduce any additional toxicity compared to other sources of dietary manganese.Based on the available data there appears to be no essential differences in bioavailability (assessed from bone manganese concentration) and therefore in edible tissue deposition of manganese from Mintrex ® Mn compared to other authorised sources of manganese. However, this conclusion is based on limited evidence and does not include an adequate assessment of manganese concentrations in edible tissues/products. Mn is safe for the user provided that protective measures are taken and that it does not represent additional risks to the environment compared to other sources of manganese for which it will substitute. The FEEDAP Panel made some recommendations with regards to the Register entry and highlighted the need for analytical methods specific to the determination of the chelates rather than the trace element.

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Section: ® Mn For All Speciessupporting

confidence: 75%

Safety and efficacy of Mintrex®Mn (Manganese chelate of hydroxy analogue of methionine) as feed additive for all species - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed

Högstrand¹

2008

EFSA Journal

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“…Studies have shown that the incidence of leg weakness could not be completely prevented by Mn supplementation. Gallup and Norris reported that when the dietary Mn level was increased to 50 mg/kg, the incidence of perosis was reduced to about 4%, but complete prevention was not possible even when the dietary Mn level was increased to 500 and 1,000 mg/kg [4]. Similar results reported by Stock and Latshaw [22] and Luo et al [10], together with the present study, suggested that the incidence of leg abnormality was not a specific and sensitive criterion for Mn requirement estimation either.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The current NRC (1994) Mn requirement for broilers is 60 mg/kg [1], but this requirement was primarily based upon studies conducted more than 60 to 70 years ago with birds of markedly different productive potentials from those which exist today. In addition, the current estimation of Mn requirement was mainly based upon reports carried out using semi-purified diets [2][3][4], and Mn estimations using semi-purified diets may not be applicable to conventional diets because of their lower levels of phytate and fiber [5][6][7][8]. Moreover, the response criteria used in NRC (1994) were growth performance and leg weakness [4,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In addition, the current estimation of Mn requirement was mainly based upon reports carried out using semi-purified diets [2][3][4], and Mn estimations using semi-purified diets may not be applicable to conventional diets because of their lower levels of phytate and fiber [5][6][7][8]. Moreover, the response criteria used in NRC (1994) were growth performance and leg weakness [4,9]. However, results from our previous study indicated that tissue Mn concentrations and the Mn-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity in heart, especially the latter, have been considered to be the sensitive criteria to evaluate the Mn requirement for broiler chicks [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Estimation of the Manganese Requirement for Broilers from 1 to 21 Days of Age

Lin

Lü

et al. 2011

Biol Trace Elem Res

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A dose-response experiment was conducted to find the sensitive and consistent biomarker for the estimation of dietary manganese (Mn) requirement and establish the optimal Mn level for broilers fed a practical corn-soybean meal diet from 1 to 21 days of age post-hatching. A total of 480 1-day-old Arbor Acres male chicks were randomly allotted to one of eight treatments with five replicates of 12 birds each and fed diets supplemented with 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, or 140 mg Mn/kg from reagent grade Mn sulfate. Tissue Mn concentrations, manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity, and MnSOD mRNA concentration within heart tissue were analyzed at 7, 14, and 21 days of age. Tissue Mn concentrations and heart MnSOD activity showed significant quadratic responses, and heart MnSOD mRNA concentration showed an asymptotic response to dietary supplemental Mn level, respectively. The estimate of dietary Mn for chicks from 1 to 21 days of age was 122-128 for heart Mn concentration, 141-159 for pancreas Mn concentration, 127-138 for liver Mn concentration, and 135-156 mg/kg for heart MnSOD activity, respectively. Heart MnSOD mRNA concentration was a consistent index for the estimation of the Mn requirement of broilers. Based on this index, the estimate of dietary Mn requirement for broilers from 1 to 21 days of age post-hatching was about 130 mg/kg, which was a little more than two times of the current NRC (1994) requirement.

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“…Aiter the report of Wilgus et al (1936) showing the essentiality of manganese for poultry, a number of other reports were pubiished on thc amount required in the diet for maximal growth, cgg production, perosis prevention, egg shell strength, and other factors (Heller and Penquite 1937;Lyons et al 1938;Gallup and Norris 1939;Wiese et al, 1939;and Creek et al 1960). The diets uscd in these studies contained common feedstuffs and most of the authors recommended the addition of about 50 ppm of manganese for early growth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of Response to Added Dietary Manganese of Chicks Fed Wheat–soybean Meal or Corn–soybean Meal Based Diets

Gardiner¹

1972

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Two 6 X 2 factorial experiments were con-The basal diets contained 37.9 and 51.7 ppm ducted to determine the response of broiler-of manganese in experiments 1 and 2, respectype and Leghorn male chicks to various tively. Supplementing either diet with manlevels of dietary manganese (two breeds, six ganese from manganese sulfate had no signilevels of manganese). Experiment 1 used a ficant eflect on body weight of either breed wheat-soybean meal based diet, and experi-of chicken nor did it significantly influence ment 2 used a corn soybean meal based diet. feed-to-gain ralios.

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The Amount of Manganese Required to Prevent Perosis in the Chick

Cited by 53 publications

References 12 publications

Safety and efficacy of Mintrex®Mn (Manganese chelate of hydroxy analogue of methionine) as feed additive for all species - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed

Safety and efficacy of Mintrex®Mn (Manganese chelate of hydroxy analogue of methionine) as feed additive for all species - Scientific Opinion of the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed

An Estimation of the Manganese Requirement for Broilers from 1 to 21 Days of Age

Lack of Response to Added Dietary Manganese of Chicks Fed Wheat–soybean Meal or Corn–soybean Meal Based Diets

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